摘要Bacillus megaterium,a Gram-positive,aerobic,spore-forming,rod-shaped bacterium,has been found in widely diverse habitats and has been widely used as a source of recombinant protein in the industry.[1] With a cell length of up to 4 μm and a diameter of 1.5 μm,B.megaterium belongs to one of the largest known bacteria.[2] To the best of our knowledge,B.megaterium has not been reported as the cause of brain abscesses,and infections caused by this bacterium are rare.For example,in 2006,Ramos-Esteban et al.reported the case of a 23-year-old man who developed delayed onset of lamellar keratitis caused by B.megaterium after an eye surgery.[3] In addition,in 2011,Duncan and Smith reported a 25-year-old woman who had a primary cutaneous infection caused by this bacterium most likely through microabrasions in the skin.[4] Here,we reported a case of brain abscess caused by B.megaterium in a Chinese woman.