摘要Background:Mesh exposure after surgery continues to be a clinical challenge for urogynecological surgeons.The purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors for polypropylene (PP) mesh exposure after transvaginal mesh (TVM) surgery.Methods:This study included 195 patients with advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP),who underwent TVM from January 2004to December 2012 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Clinical data were evaluated including patient's demography,TVM type,concomitant procedures,operation time,blood loss,postoperative morbidity,and mesh exposure.Mesh exposure was identified through postoperative vaginal examination.Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors for mesh exposure.Results:Two-hundred and nine transvaginal PP meshes were placed,including 194 in the anterior wall and 15 in the posterior wall.Concomitant tension-free vaginal tape was performed in 61 cases.The mean follow-up time was 35.1 ± 23.6 months.PP mesh exposure was identified in 32 cases (16.4％),with 31 in the anterior wall and 1 in the posterior wall.Significant difference was found in operating time and concomitant procedures between exposed and nonexposed groups (F =7.443,P =0.007;F =4.307,P =0.039,respectively).Binary logistic regression revealed that the number of concomitant procedures and operation time were risk factors for mesh exposure (P =0.001,P =0.043).Conclusion:Concomitant procedures and increased operating time increase the risk for postoperative mesh exposure in patients undergoing TVM surgery for POP.