摘要Background: Investigate into the medical expenditures of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients through path analysis method of three consecutive years within a Grade?Atertiary hospital in Beijing to conduct the main influencing factors in diagnosis?related groups (DRGs) grouping of the diagnosis, and reassess the present grouping process to provide information and reference on cost control for hospitals and medical management departments. Methods: Eight hundred and fifty?five inpatient cases whose first diagnosis were defined as CKD in the year 2014–2016 within the hospital were selected as the sample of the study, multiple linear regression and path analysis method were adopted in DRGs grouping process to investigate the main influencing factors of total medical expenditures and DRGs grouping process. Results: The maximum proportion of the medical costs within CKD patients was the costs on treatment, with the highest of 35.3％ on the year 2014, the second was the costs on drug, which accounted for <30％ during consecutive years, and the third was the costs on examination, which accounted for about 20％ on average. The main influencing factors of medical expenditures included the type of dialysis, length of hospitalization, the admission of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and so on. The coefficients toward the effect for total costs were 0.416, 0.376, and 0.094, respectively. Conclusions: It is suggested that the type of dialysis and the admission of ICU were the major influencing factors of inpatient medical expenditures on CKD patients, and should be taken into consideration into the reassessment of DRGs grouping process to realize the localization and generalization of prospective payment system based on DRGs within the regional area and promote the implementation of medical cost control measures to reduce the economic burdens among patients and the society.