摘要目的:探讨经三角肌外侧入路治疗外展嵌插型肱骨近端三、四部分骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析解放军中部战区总医院骨科2015年1月至2017年12月采用的经三角肌外侧入路治疗的36例外展嵌插型肱骨近端三、四部分骨折患者资料。男10例，女26例；左侧20例，右侧16例；年龄38~85岁，平均65.6岁；按Neer分型：三部分骨折22例，四部分骨折14例。统计患者的手术时间及术中出血量，并根据患者术后1年的Constant-Murely评分及肩关节活动范围评估疗效。结果:36例患者术后获12~36个月（平均21.7个月）随访。手术时间55~120 min，平均75.9 min；术中出血量50~200 mL，平均109.7 mL。术后1年Constant-Murely评分79~90分，平均84.1分。术后1年肩关节活动范围：外展90°~160°，平均120.6°；上举90°~170°，平均128.1°；后伸20°~60°，平均38.8°；内旋20°~45°，平均30.5°；外旋30°~45°，平均35.6°。所有患者均获骨性愈合且未发生腋神经损伤、深部感染、骨不连或肱骨头缺血性坏死等并发症。结论:经三角肌外侧入路治疗外展嵌插型肱骨近端三、四部分骨折微创、简便、安全，疗效满意。

abstractsObjective:To evaluate the efficacy of lateral deltoid muscle approach in the treatment of valgus-impacted three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus.Methods:From January 2015 to December 2017, 36 patients were treated at Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Central Military Theater for valgus-impacted three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus via the lateral deltoid muscle approach. They were 10 men and 26 women, aged from 38 to 85 years (mean, 65.6 years). The fracture had occurred at the left side in 20 cases and at the right side in 16. According to the Neer classification, 22 cases had a three-part fracture and 14 a four-part one. Their operation time and intraoperative bleeding were recorded. The efficacy was evaluated by their Constant-Murely scores and ranges of motion of the shoulder joint one year after operation.Results:This cohort was followed up for 12 to 36 months (mean, 21.7 months). Their operation time ranged from 55 to 120 min (mean, 75.9 min); their intraoperative bleeding ranged from 50 to 200 mL (mean, 109.7 mL). Their Constant-Murely scores of the affected shoulder one year after operation ranged from 79 to 90 points (mean, 84.1points). At one year after operation, their abduction ranged from 90° to 160° (mean, 120.6°), their uplift from 90° to 170° (mean, 128.1°), their backward extension from 20° to 60° (mean, 38.8°), their internal rotation from 20° to 45° (mean, 30.5°), and their external rotation from 30° to 45° (mean, 35.6°). All patients obtained bony union with no such complications as axillary nerve injury, deep infection, nonunion or ischemic necrosis of the humeral head.Conclusion:Treatment of valgus-impacted three- and four-part fractures of the proximal humerus via the lateral deltoid muscle approach is minimally invasive, simple, safe and effective.