摘要目的:分析家长自报食物过敏儿童的临床特征及影响因素，为有效利用病史信息和开展针对性家长健康教育提供依据。方法:采用横断面研究设计，对2019年7—8月于重庆医科大学附属儿童医院儿童保健门诊进行健康体检的3岁以下所有596名儿童开展食物过敏问卷调查及皮肤点刺试验，再通过医生经口服食物激发试验确诊食物过敏患儿。获知家长自报儿童食物过敏发生情况和患儿症状特征及其可能的影响因素。调查内容包括儿童人口学特征、过敏性疾病家族史、母孕期烟雾暴露和抗菌药物使用、出生后喂养方式、居所环境等。采用χ2检验比较家长自报与医生确诊食物过敏儿童临床特征的差异，并通过Logistic回归分析家长自报食物过敏的影响因素。结果:596名儿童中男316名、女280名，家长自报儿童食物过敏率为22.0%（131/596），而医生确诊食物过敏检出率为9.9%（59/596），差异有统计学意义（χ2=32.46， P<0.001）。家长自报食物过敏的131名儿童中有48例（36.6%）被医生确诊，而家长自报无食物过敏465名儿童中有11例（2.4%）被医生确诊为食物过敏。家长自报的过敏症状中，37.5%（24/64）的消化道症状和31.5%（23/73）的皮肤症状分别被医生确诊；同时存在皮肤与消化道症状的7名儿童中有6例被确诊为食物过敏。过敏性疾病家族史及居住潮湿环境增加了家长自报食物过敏风险［ OR=1.83（95% CI 1.22~2.73）、2.33（95% CI 1.13~4.79）， P=0.003、0.022］。 结论:家长自报食物过敏率高于医生确诊食物过敏检出率，当儿童同时存在皮肤和消化道症状时，临床医生应高度怀疑食物过敏的可能性。过敏性疾病家族史和居住潮湿环境可能增加家长自报食物过敏风险。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of children with parent-reported food allergy (FA), thus providing empirical evidence for facilitating the effective utilization of medical history information and promoting better health education for parents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted, recruiting all 596 children under 3 years of age who underwent physical examinations from July to August 2019 at the Department of Child Health Care, Children′s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Children were carried out with questionnaires, skin prick test, and diagnosed with FA through oral food challenge (OFC) by pediatricians. The parent-reported incidence rate, symptoms of FA, and the possible influencing factors, including demographic characteristics, family history of allergy, in-utero exposure to smoke and antibiotic use, feeding methods after birth, and residential environment were collected by questionnaire. The differences of clinical characteristics between parent-reported FA and medically diagnosed FA were analyzed by chi-square test. Logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with parent-reported FA.Results:A total of 596 children (316 boys and 280 girls) were recruited for this study. The incidence rate of FA by parent-report (22.0%, 131/596) was higher than that by medical diagnosis (9.9%, 59/596) (χ2=32.46, P<0.001). There were 36.6% (48/131) of children with parent-reported FA and 2.4% (11/465) of children without parent-reported FA receiving medical diagnosis of FA. Among children with parent-reported allergic symptoms, 37.5% (24/64) of those with gastrointestinal symptoms and 31.5% (23/73) of those with skin symptoms received medical diagnosis of FA, respectively. Six out of 7 children with co-presenting cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms were diagnosed with FA. Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that family history of allergy ( OR=1.83 (95% CI 1.22-2.73), P=0.003) and damp living environments ( OR=2.33 (95% CI 1.13-4.79), P=0.022) were associated with higher likelihood of parent-reported FA. Conclusions:The incidence rate of parent-reported FA is higher than medically diagnosed FA. Clinicians should be highly suspicious of the possibility of FA in children with both cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms. Family history of allergy and damp living environments may increase the possibility of parent-reported FA.