摘要放射治疗是乳腺癌综合治疗的重要手段之一。与传统光子放疗相比，质子线独特的布拉格峰效应限制了靶区范围外正常组织的受照剂量，同时满足了靶区内的剂量覆盖，成为乳腺癌放疗新的治疗选择。现有研究提示，乳腺癌质子放疗在心肺保护方面有明显的剂量优势，但同时存在皮肤反应、肋骨骨折等不良反应发生率增加的潜在风险。现阶段，后续研究应着眼于对质子线射程中相对生物效应变化等性质的进一步理解，以及筛选乳腺癌质子放疗临床最大获益的患者以应对其低可及性及高成本的困境。本文就乳腺癌质子放疗的现有临床经验、研究进展及争议做一综述。

abstractsRadiation therapy is an essential component of comprehensive treatment for breast cancer. In comparison to photons, proton beam, with its unique Bragg peak, limits the dose distribution to normal tissues around the tumor while improving dose coverage within the target area. Therefore, it could be an appealing therapeutic option for breast cancer treatment. Current researches indicate that proton therapy for breast cancer treatment has a distinct dosimetric advantage in protecting the heart and lungs. However, there are potentially increased risks of side-effects such as skin reactions and rib fractures, etc. Future Subsequent studies should seek a better understanding of the relative biological effectiveness changes along the proton beam range to improve the proton plan evaluation. Additionally, efforts should be directed towards identifying patients who would derive maximum benefit from proton therapy, addressing concerns related to its limited accessibility and high cost. This review provides an overview of the current clinical experiences, research progress and controversies in proton therapy for breast cancer.