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血友病相关骨科疾病主要包括关节内出血、慢性滑膜炎、软组织畸形、血友病性假瘤、病理性骨折及跟腱挛缩。血友病相关骨科疾病在凝血因子替代治疗下可以采用手术治疗，但血友病骨科手术不同于常规手术，围手术期凝血因子的替代方案、手术适应证的掌握、术中操作、术后管理、功能训练与康复，以及凝血因子抑制物的检测等均可影响手术效果。中华医学会骨科学分会关节外科学组和中国血友病协作组在2016年版《中国血友病骨科手术围术期处理专家共识》的基础上结合当前的循证医学证据，采用Delphi法问卷调查的形式，制订了《中国血友病骨科手术围手术期管理指南》，详细阐述了截骨矫形术、人工关节置换术、关节融合术、截肢术等血友病相关骨科手术的适应证、手术原则和注意事项，最终形成17条推荐意见，旨在更好地指导临床实践，进一步规范血友病骨科手术的围手术期管理。

Hemophilia related orthopaedic diseases include intra-articular hemorrhage, chronic synovitis, soft tissue deformity, hemophilic pseudotumor, pathological fracture and Achilles tendon contracture. Hemophilia related orthopaedic diseases can be operated surgically with reasonable coagulation factor replacement therapy. However, it is different from routine surgery. Perioperative coagulation factor replacement protocols, mastery of surgical indications, intraoperative operations, postoperative management, functional training and rehabilitation, and detection of coagulation factor inhibitors can all affect surgical outcomes. Experts from the Joint Surgery Branch of the Chinese Orthopaedic Association and Hemophilia Treatment Center Collaborative Network of China developed the guideline for perioperative management of hemophilia patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery in China based on the 2016 version of "Expert consensus on perioperative management of hemophilia patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery in China", combined with the current evidence of evidence-based medicine, based on the form of Delphi method questionnaire survey. The indications, surgical principles and precautions of orthopaedic surgery for hemophilia, such as osteotomy, artificial joint replacement, arthrodesis, and amputation, were described in detail. Finally, 17 recommendations were formed, aiming to better guide clinical practice and further standardize the perioperative management of orthopaedic surgery for hemophilia.