摘要肝硬化是多种慢性肝病的终末阶段，其疾病负担仍然较重。现对肝硬化的流行病学特征变化、自然史观念更新、诊断评估手段和治疗措施进行综述。乙型肝炎病毒所致肝硬化比例在下降，非酒精性脂肪性肝病（代谢相关性脂肪性肝病）所致肝硬化比例在上升。多个预测模型和肝脏瞬时弹性测定等技术已用于早期无创性评估肝硬化。有效病因治疗和并发症管理是肝硬化治疗的关键，在此基础上肝硬化肝功能逆转和再代偿成为可能。近年来抗乙型肝炎病毒和抗丙型肝炎病毒药物有效性和可及性明显提高，为肝硬化有效的病因治疗提供了基础，但是非酒精性脂肪性肝病的病因治疗措施仍然缺乏。管理并发症时除了重视常见并发症，也要管理"少见"并发症。

abstractsLiver cirrhosis is the final stage of many chronic liver diseases, and is still a heavy disease burden. The proportion of liver cirrhosis caused by the hepatitis B virus is declining, while that caused by the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease) is rising. Several predictive models and techniques such as transient elastography have been used for the early non-invasive evaluation of liver cirrhosis. Effective etiological treatment and complication management are the possible key to reverse and recompense liver function during liver cirrhosis treatment. In recent years, the effectiveness and availability of anti-hepatitis B and C virus drugs have been significantly improved, which provides the basis for effective etiological treatment of liver cirrhosis. However, there is still a lack of etiological treatment measures for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, in addition to focusing on common complications, we should also manage "rare" complications. This article reviews the changes in epidemiological characteristics, the update of the natural history concepts, diagnostic evaluation methods, and the treatment measures for liver cirrhosis.