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目的 探讨模拟7 500 m高空缺氧环境对轰炸机、歼击机和运输机3种机型飞行员心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)、心率(heart rate,HR)、呼吸频率(respiratory rate)、体表温度(temperatures,T)、动脉血氧饱和度(oxygen saturation,SaO2)、血压(blood pressure,BP)变化的影响.方法 将49名飞行员作为研究对象,按机种分3组,观察3种机型飞行员缺氧前后HRV和生命体征指标变化情况.结果 与缺氧前比较,缺氧3 min后3种机型飞行员HR、T明显升高(均为P＜0.01),SaO2明显下降(均为P＜ 0.01),呼吸频率下降(P＞0.05);轰炸机飞行员缺氧前低频(low frequency,LF)、高频(high frequency、HF)、心率总功率(total power,TP)值明显高于缺氧后(均为P＜0.05),缺氧前LF值明显高于运输机飞行员(P＜0.05);歼击机飞行员缺氧前、后体表温度[(32.05 ±1.16)、(32.69±0.87)℃]均明显高于轰炸机飞行员[(30.45±2.13)、(31.76±1.05)℃](均为P＜0.01);缺氧后歼击机飞行员最快[(93.21 ±8.19)次/min]与最慢HR[(82.37±7.95)次/min]平均差值比缺氧前(79.95±8.50)、(72.59±6.67) 次/min明显增加(P＜0.01),缺氧后歼击机飞行员平均最快呼吸频率明显下降(P＜0.05),最快与最慢呼吸频率差值比缺氧前明显下降(P＜0.05).结论 模拟7 500 m高空环境缺氧3 min,3组飞行员HR、T上升,SaO2、呼吸频率下降,血压无明显上升,不同机种飞行员生命指征、HRV有不同程度差异.

Objective To investigate the effects of simulated 7 500 high altitude on the changes of such related indicators as heart rate variability (HRV),heart rate (HR),respiratory rate,body surface temperatures (BST),arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and blood pressure (BP) of the aviators flying 3 different types of aircraft.Methods Forty-nine aviators were chosen as research subjects,and were divided into 3 groups in accordance with the different types of aircraft they flew.Changes in HRV and other vital signs were observed in the aviators flying 3 different types of aircraft.Results As compared with that before hypoxia exposure,HR and BST of the aviators flying different types of aircraft were significantly increased,3 minutes after exposure to hypoxia (P ＜ 0.01),while SaO2 was significantly decreased (all P ＜ 0.01),and respiratory frequency was also decreased (P ＞ 0.05).Before exposure,the values of low frequency (LF),high frequency (HF) and total power (TP) of the aviators flying bombers were all obviously higher than those after exposure (P ＜ 0.05).The LF value before hypoxia was significantly higher than that of the aviators flying transports (P ＜ 0.05).Both before and after hypoxia,body surface temperature of the aviators flying fighters [(32.05 ± 1.16) 、(32.69 ±0.87)℃] was all significantly higher than that of the aviators flying bombers [(30.45 ± 2.13)、(31.76 ± 1.05) ℃] (P ＜ 0.05).Following exposure to hypoxia,the maximum A and minimum mean HRB difference of the aviators flying fighters was significantly higher than that before hypoxia exposure (P ＜ 0.01).Following exposure to hypoxia,the maximum mean respiratory rate of the aviators flying fighters was obviously decreased (P ＜ 0.05),and the maximum and minimum mean respiratory rate difference of the aviators was significantly lower than that before hypoxia exposure (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Following hypoxia for 3 minutes at a simulated altitude of 7 500 meters,HR and BST of the aviators in the 3 groups were all increased,SaO2 and respiratory rate were decreased,but BP was not significantly increased.There were variable differences in vital signs and HRV for the aviators flying different types of aircraft.