摘要目的:调查我国南海远海渔民常见病和急重症的发生情况，并分析其相关诱因。方法:选取南海某岛礁医院2016年1月1日至2020年2月1日渔民门急诊记录和2019年6月1日至2020年12月1日的渔民住院登记记录，并进行统计学分析。结果:共纳入430例就诊患者，均为男性，年龄20～57岁。就诊排名前三的科室分别是骨科、消化内科、皮肤科。急重症49例（11.4%），以消化系急症、泌尿系结石最常见；救治危重患者6例，包括脑卒中4例、上消化道出血1例和股骨粉碎性骨折1例。结论:应重视远海渔民的健康状况，尤其是心脑血管疾病。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the spectrums of common diseases and emergency and critical diseases in the fishermen living in distant waters of the South China Sea，so as to analyze the disease-inducing factors and prevention methods.Method:We reviewed the medical records of the outpatient and emergency departments from January 1，2016 to February 1，2020 and those of the inpatient department from June 1，2019 to December 1，2020 of an island hospital in the South China Sea，then statistically analyzed the records.Results:A total of 430 cases of medical records were included into the study. All the patients were male and aged 20–57. The top three most visited departments were orthopedics，gastroenterology，and dermatology. There were 49 cases of emergency and critical diseases（11.4%），among which the emergencies of digestive system and urolithiasis were the most common cases. Six patients in critical condition were treated：four with cerebral stroke，one with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage，and one with comminuted fracture of femur.Conclusion:Attention should be paid to the health conditions of fishermen living in distant waters，especially to their cardiocerebrovascular health.