摘要目的:分析国内外飞行人员阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（obstructive sleep apnea，OSA ）的诊治及鉴定现状，探讨我军飞行人员OSA的航空医学鉴定方法与原则。资料来源与选择:国内外公开发表的期刊论文、标准、指南及科技报告等。资料引用:相关期刊论文37篇，标准2部，专著3部，科技报告1篇，电子公告1篇，共44篇文献。资料综合:日间困倦、认知功能损害及情绪异常等OSA症状潜在飞行安全隐患，是航空医学关注的重点。美国空军OSA诊断参照美国睡眠医学会的标准，并由指定的专业性实验室开展，治疗方式结合军事部署任务开展。美国空军允许治疗效果佳的OSA飞行人员特许飞行，但需经过特定的治疗效果评价，并定期严格随访治疗依从性。目前我军歼击机飞行员及武装直升机飞行员选拔中有相应要求，但飞行人员体格标准中缺乏相应条款，存在临床诊断、治疗、鉴定的不一致性。结论:有必要制定我军军事飞行人员OSA的相关体格检查标准，提高各级航卫保障部门的认识。建议在体检中增加OSA的筛查，由指定的睡眠中心开展OSA诊断、治疗及医学鉴定，对治疗依从性好的飞行人员可考虑给予特许飞行。

abstractsObjective:To explore feasible aeromedical evaluation methods and principles of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) for Air Force by analyzing the diagnosis, treatment and assessment of cases of the military flying personnel at home and abroad.Literature resource and selection:Based on the journal papers and scientific reports published at home and abroad, we analyzed the evaluation methods and management of sleep disorders in United States Air Force (USAF) and the current situation of Chinese military flying personnel.Literature quotation:Forty-four related literatures, including 37 published articles, 2 medical standards, 3 monographs, 1 scientific report, 1 electric announcement, were cited.Literature synthesis:OSA related flight safety risk that induced by daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment and emotional abnormalities is the importance of Aviation medicine concern. USAF’s diagnosis of OSA follows the criteria recommended by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and is carried out by accredited professional sleep lab. Its treatment is conducted in conjunction with military deployment. The well-treated aircrew could be waivered but the special assessment and close follow-up of the treatment compliance are required. There are corresponding requirements in the medical selection of high-performance fighter pilots and armed helicopter pilots in China, but no provisions in physical standards for flying personnel. Inconsistencies exist among clinical diagnosis, treatment and medical assessment.Conclusions:It is necessary to formulate relevant physical examination standards of OSA for military flying personnel, improve the awareness of support departments at all levels, supplement OSA screening in regular physical examination, and assign accredited sleep health centers to undertake the diagnosis, treatment and medical assessment of OSA. Waiver could be considered to the flying personnel with good treatment compliance.