摘要目的探讨在中国汉族哮喘家系中，HLA-DQ基因与哮喘的相关性。方法对98例哮喘家系成员，用PCR-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术对HLA-DQA1和B1进行基因分型，并与正常对照进行比较。结果发现DQA1*0101和DQA1*0601等位基因频率在哮喘患者组(40.0%，45.0%)较正常对照组(16.4%，13.4%)显著升高(χ2=6.186 0，P<0.05，RR=3.39；χ2=11.609 0，P<0.01，RR=5.27)；DQB1*0303和DQB1*0601等位基因频率在哮喘患者组(55.0%，47.5%)较正常对照组(13.7%，13.7%)显著升高(χ2=15.740 0，P<0.01，RR=7.68；χ2=10.930 0，P<0.01，RR=5.69)。同时发现HLA-DQB1*0201等位基因频率在对屋尘螨抗原特异性IgE反应哮喘家系成员(39.4%)较家系中非特应症者（12.0％）显著高频表达(t=2.382 5，P<0.05)。结论 HLA-DQA1*0101，*0601和DQB1* 0303，*0601是哮喘遗传易感等位基因；HLA-DQB1*0201限定对屋尘螨抗原特异性IgE反应。

abstractsObjective　To investigate association between asthma and HLA-DQ genes in Chinese asthma family. Methods　HLA genotyping was done for HLA-DQ using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP) in 98 members of 32 Chinese asthma families and 67 normal controls. Results　The allele frequencies of DQA1*0101 and DQA1*0601 in asthmatics (40.0% and 45.0% respectively) were significantly higher than those in normal controls (16.4% and 13.4% respectively; χ2=6.186 0, P<0.05,RR=3.39 and χ2=11.609 0, P<0.01,RR=5.27 respectively). The allele frequencies of DQB1*0303 and DQB1*0601 in asthmatics (55.0% and 47.5% respectively) were also significantly higher than those in normal controls (13.7% and 13.7% respectively; χ2=15.740 0, P<0.01,RR=7.68 and χ2=10.930 0, P<0.01, RR=5.69 respectively).The allele frequency of DQ*0201 (39.4%) was significantly higher in members with positive specific IgE response to dermatophagoides than that in non-atopy members (12.0%) in asthma family (t=2.382 5, P<0.05). Conclusion　HLA-DQA1*0101, DQA1*0601 and HLA-DQB1*0303, DQB1*0601 may be the susceptible alleles of asthma. HLA-DQB1*0201 allele may limit the specific IgE response to dermatophagoides.