摘要目的 了解我国主要肺真菌病的种类、临床特征、预后及其影响因素等.方法 入选1998年1月至2007年12月中国10个城市16个中心的所有满足诊断标准的肺真菌病患者,收集临床、微生物学及影像学资料并进行回顾性分析.结果 共收集到临床确诊的肺真菌病病例474例,男309例,女165例.年龄3～97岁,平均(53±18)岁.474例患者中,位于前5位的肺真菌病依次为肺曲霉病(180例,37.9%)、肺念珠菌病(162例,34.2%)、肺隐球菌病(74例,15.6%)、肺孢子菌病(23例,4.8%)及肺毛霉病(10例,2.1%).后3年与前7年相比,以上比例无显著变化.肺念珠菌病的主要致病原以对普通唑类抗真菌药敏感的白色念珠菌(308/474,65.0%)与热带念珠菌(57/474,12.0%)为主.相对于细菌性肺炎患者而言,肺真菌病患者咯血(147/474,31.0%)与胸腔积液(95/474,20.0%)较多见,而影像学表现特异性较差,经典晕轮征(4/474,0.8%)与新月征(17/474,3.6%)仅见于个别肺曲霉病患者.本组肺真菌病患者合并基础疾病的前4位依次为肿瘤(包括实体瘤及恶性血液病,94/474,19.8%)、COPD(52/474,11.0%)、肺结核(50/474,10.5%)、糖尿病(48/474,10.1%).与其他3种常见肺真菌病相比,肺隐球菌病患者发病年龄轻,社区发病更多见,较少伴有基础疾病与免疫功能低下,预后较好.结论 我国肺真菌病前5位致病原依次为曲霉、念珠菌、隐球菌、孢子菌及毛霉,其中念珠菌属中以白色念珠菌及热带念珠菌为多.相对于其他肺真菌病而言,肺隐球菌病患者发病年龄较轻,社区发病多,预后较好.

abstractsObjective To investigate the pathogens, clinical manifestations, prognosis of and the risk factors for pulmonary mycosis in China. Methods All cases of pulmonary mycosis from 16 centers in 10 cities from Jan. 1998 to Dec. 2007 that met the diagnostic criteria were included for clinical,microbiological and radiological analysis. Results Totally 474 cases of pulmonary mycosis were retrieved.The top 5 pulmonary mycosis was pulmonary aspergillosis ( 180 cases, 37. 9% ), pulmonary candidiasis ( 162 cases, 34. 2% ), pulmonary cryptococcosis ( 74 cases, 15. 6% ), pneumocystis carinii pneumonia ( 23cases, 4. 8% ) and pulmonary mucormycosis ( 10 cases, 2. 1% ). The constituent ratio in the last 3 years was similar to that in the former 7 years. The main pathogens of pulmonary candidiasis were Candida albicans ( 308/474, 65.0% ) and Candida tropicalis ( 57/474, 12.0% ), which were sensitive to common azoles.Compared with bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary mycosis showed more symptoms of hemoptysis ( 147/474,31.0% ) and pleural effusion (95/474, 20.0% ), and less radiological specificity. Classical halo sign (4/474, 0. 8% ) and crescentic sign (17/474, 3. 6% ) were only shown in several cases of pulmonary mycosis. The most common underlying diseases were tumor ( including solid tumor and malignant hematological diseases ) ( 94/474, 19.8% ), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( 52/474, 11.0% ), pulmonary tuberculosis(50/474, 10. 5% ) and diabetes(48/474, 10.1% ). Compared with the other common pulmonary mycosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis affected younger patients, and more cases were community-acquired, but fewer cases with underlining diseases or compromised immune function, and had a better prognosis.Conclusion The ahead five species of pulmonary mycosis in China were orderly pulmonary aspergillomycosis,pulmonary candidosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and pulmonary mucormycosis. The main pathogens of pulmonary candidosis were Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis,which were sensitive to common azoles. Compared with the other common pulmonary mycosis, pulmonary cryptococcosis catch younger patients, had more community-acquired cases, and had better prognosis.