摘要目的:观察经外科肺活检诊断弥漫性实质性肺疾病（DPLD）的疾病谱变迁并探讨外科肺活检在DPLD中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析北京协和医院1993年1月至2020年12月28年间连续455例接受外科肺活检的DPLD病例资料，其中男211例，女244例，接受活检时年龄（45±14）岁。按照1993—2002、2003—2012、2013—2020年分为3个时间段进行疾病谱比较。结果:411例（411/455，90.3%）经病理形态学明确诊断，441例（441/455，96.9%）经临床-影像-病理多学科讨论后确诊。术后30 d病死率为2.4%（11/455），术后3个月病死率为3.3%（15/455）。本组患者中间质性肺炎209例（209/455，45.9%），其中非特异性间质性肺炎105例，寻常性间质性肺炎33例；其他类型DPLD为166例（166/455，36.5%），其中过敏性肺炎49例；肿瘤39例（39/455，8.6%）；感染性疾病27例（27/455，5.9 %）。1993—2002、2003—2012、2013—2020年外科肺活检数量分别为76例（76/455，16.7%）、297例（297/455，65.3%）和82例（82/455，18%）。在上述3个时间段内，间质性肺炎占DPLD的比例分别为68.4%、45.1%和28.0%，其他类型DPLD为22.4%、39.4%和39.0%，肿瘤为2.6%、7.4%和18.3%，感染为5.3%、5.1%和9.8%。结论:DPLD外科肺活检疾病谱随时间的变化反映了临床医生对DPLD和间质性肺炎认识不断深入的过程以及诊治策略的变化。对于某些疑难的、诊断困难、治疗方向不明的DPLD，外科肺活检仍然具有重要价值。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the changes of disease spectrum in diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD) diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy, and to explore the diagnostic value of surgical lung biopsy in DPLD.Methods:Four hundred and fifty-five consecutive DPLD patients, who underwent surgical lung biopsy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital during the past 28 years, were analyzed retrospectively.Results:There were 211 males and 244 females. The average age at biopsy was (45±14) years. Four hundred and eleven cases (90.3%) were diagnosed by pathologic findings. Four hundred and forty-one cases (96.9%) were diagnosed by clinical-radiologic-pathologic multidisciplinary discussion. The 30-day mortality and 90-day mortality were 2.4% and 3.3% respectively. The disease spectrum included interstitial pneumonia in 209 cases (45.9%) (nonspecific interstitial pneumonia in 105 cases, usual interstitial pneumonia in 33 cases), other miscellaneous DPLD in 166 cases (36.5%) (including hypersensitivity pneumonitis in 49 cases), tumor in 39 cases (8.6%), and infectious diseases in 27 cases (5.9%). In the three consecutive periods (1993-2002, 2003-2012 and 2013-2020), the number of biopsies was 76 (16.7%), 297 (65.3%) and 82 (18%) respectively. The disease spectrum changes over time: in the above three periods, the percentage of interstitial pneumonia in DPLD was 68.4%, 45.1% and 28%, other miscellaneous DPLDs were 22.4%, 39.4% and 39.0%, the tumors were 2.6%, 7.4% and 18.3%, the infectious diseases were 5.3%, 5.1% and 9.8%.Conclusions:This study presented the changes of disease spectrum in DPLD diagnosed by surgical lung biopsy through single center real-world data, reflecting the progress of clinicians′ understanding of DPLD and interstitial pneumonia. Surgical lung biopsy is still valuable for some difficult and complicated DPLD cases.