摘要本文通过Medline检索2021-10-01至2022-09-30期间无创正压通气（NPPV）用于治疗呼吸衰竭患者的相关临床研究文献并进行综述。在NPPV和高流量鼻导管氧疗（HFNC）治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎相关急性呼吸衰竭（ARF）中有3个大型随机对照试验，结果显示，NPPV（包括单水平持续气道正压通气和双水平气道内正压）可以降低气管插管率，HFNC的效果存在争论。此外，在NPPV治疗ARF的结局预测模型、NPPV相关的心搏骤停事件和人机界面对NPPV治疗效果的影响等方面也取得了一定进展。NPPV在气管插管前预氧合和辅助撤机拔管的研究中显示，NPPV可以减少气管插管过程中严重低氧血症的发生；有助于减少拔管后再次气管插管的风险。在长期家庭应用NPPV方面，提出成功启动的5个指标，但临床实践中符合5个指标的比例低，以及心理干预对长期NPPV依从性的影响等，这些研究结果有助于临床上合理选择和优化应用NPPV。

abstractsIn this article, we searched the research literatures related to clinical investigation of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in acute respiratory failure(ARF)/chronic respiratory failure(CRF) between 1 st October 2021 and 30 th September 2022 through Medline, and reviewed the important advances. Three prospective randomized controlled studies related to the efficacy and safety of NPPV and/or high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) on patients with COVID-19 with ARF were reported, showing that NPPV (including continuous positive airway pressure and bilevel positive airway pressure) was able to reduce the intubation rate, but the efficacy of HFNC was contradictory. In addition, progress has been made in outcome prediction models for ARF treated with NPPV, NPPV-related cardiac arrest, and the impact of human-machine interface on NPPV treatment outcomes. The effects of NPPV as preoxygenation method before intubation was reported to be able to reduce severe desaturation during intubation, especially in obese population. The use of NPPV in extubated patients resulting in reduced reintubation rate was also studied. With regard to long-term home application of NPPV, five indicators of successful initiation were proposed, but the success rate was low in clinical practice. Some reports showed that psychological support could improve the adherence to NPPV. The results of these studies contributed to the rational selection and optimal application of NPPV in clinical practice.