摘要本例患者因肺结核经历5次抗结核治疗，前3次药物敏感试验均显示为非耐药肺结核，第4次诊断为利福平耐药结核病（rifampin-resistant tuberculosis，RR-TB），合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、肺源性心脏病及心功能不全（Ⅲ级），按照耐药结核病治疗方案8个月后患者自行停药。此次因咳喘、胸闷入院，经吸氧、抗感染、抗结核治疗后症状缓解，因咯血行经导管动脉栓塞术治疗，术后再发大咯血，急诊行胸膜外左全肺切除+胸腔纱布填塞止血术，术后呼吸机、血管活性药物维持生命体征，48 h后拔出纱布并气管切开、鼻饲营养、抗结核等治疗，出院后康复锻炼、口服耐药方案治疗，随访半年余病情平稳。

abstractsThe patient had received five courses of anti-tuberculosis treatment for recurrent tuberculosis. The drug sensitivity test results of the first three courses showed drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis, and the fourth diagnosis was rifampin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB), complicated by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type Ⅱ respiratory failure, pulmonary heart disease, and heart failure (grade Ⅲ). The patient stopped taking the anti-tuberculosis drugs on his own in the eighth month of receiving the resistant treatment. After admission, the symptoms improved temporarily after receiving oxygen therapy, anti-infection, and anti-tuberculosis treatment. Because of hemoptysis, the patient underwent arterial embolization by catheterization, but a large amount of hemoptysis occurred shortly thereafter. Emergency left total lung resection and gauze packing for hemostasis were performed. After surgery, the patient′s vital signs were maintained with mechanical ventilation and vasopressors. Forty-eight hours after surgery, the gauze was removed, and the patient underwent tracheotomy, enteral nutrition, and anti-tuberculosis treatment. After discharge, the patient underwent rehabilitative exercise and anti-resistant tuberculosis therapy. The patient′s condition remained stable for more than six months of follow-up.