摘要类器官是将组织细胞通过3D培养形成的一种能高度模拟体内生理病理状态的组织培养物，有助于研究体内组织器官发生发育过程中细胞时间和空间维度的变化，探究各种危险因素导致细胞功能及通讯的改变，发现潜在的治疗靶点。本文综述肺泡类器官的培养、鉴定方法，及在肺纤维化、慢性阻塞性肺疾病及病毒性肺炎等常见呼吸疾病中的应用研究进展，分析讨论肺泡类器官使用的局限性和未来主要的应用方向。

abstractsOrganoids are tissue cultures formed by culturing cells in three-dimensional environments that simulate the physiological or pathological conditions of the human body. The cultivation of organoids is used to study the temporal and spatial transformation of cells during the development of tissues or organs, to investigate changes in cellular functions and inter-communications caused by various risk factors, and to discover potential therapeutic targets. This article provided an overview of the cultivation and identification methods of alveolar organoids, as well as the research progress in their application to common respiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, viral pneumonia, and so on. The limitations and future applications of alveolar organoids are also analyzed and discussed.