摘要患者女，64岁，2023年2月21日因“右侧胸痛4年余，左侧胸痛9个月余”就诊于北京朝阳医院。既往有陈旧性肺结核、类风湿关节炎病史。2018年10月胸部CT示双肺多发结节。CT引导下穿刺病理未见肿瘤。胸腔积液腺苷脱氨酶升高，考虑结核可能性大，于2019年3月起给予抗结核治疗。2019年12月因右侧局限性液气胸，行右肺下叶切除，术后病理示肉芽肿性炎伴坏死。2020年5月胸部CT示肺部结节及空洞较前明显增多。2023年1月考虑不除外隐球菌肺炎，给予氟康唑口服。最终，术后病理会诊确诊为肺类风湿结节，给予口服泼尼松及吗替麦考酚酯治疗1个月后复查胸部CT较前好转，建议继续目前治疗，定期复查胸部CT。

abstractsA 64-year-old female patient was admitted to Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital on February 21, 2023 because of right-sided chest pain for more than 4 years and left-sided chest pain for more than 9 months. She had a past medical history of previous tuberculosis and rheumatoid arthritis. A chest CT in October 2018 revealed multiple pulmonary nodules. A CT-guided biopsy showed no tumors, and adenosine deaminase levels in the pleural effusion were elevated, suggesting a high likelihood of tuberculosis. As a result, anti-tuberculosis treatment was initiated in March 2019. In December 2019, she underwent a right lower lobe resection due to localized hydropneumothorax on the right side. Postoperative pathology unveiled granulomatous inflammation with necrosis. A chest CT in May 2020 showed a significant increase in nodules and cavities. In January 2023, a diagnosis of cryptococcal pneumonia was considered, and she was prescribed oral fluconazole. Finally, the diagnosis of pulmonary rheumatoid nodules was confirmed after a pathological consultation of the postoperative specimen. After one month of treatment with oral prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil, a follow-up chest CT showed improvement. It was recommended that she continue with her current treatment and undergo regular chest CT scans.