摘要肺癌是我国乃至全球发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤，严重威胁人类生命健康。结核病（tuberculosis，TB）是仅次于新型冠状病毒感染的单一传染源致死的第二大病因，造成公共卫生危机。越来越多的研究发现，结核病是肺癌的独立危险因素，而肺癌患者也可能面临着更高的结核感染风险。结核病的发生为肺癌患者抗肿瘤治疗方案的实施带来挑战，早期诊断和合理干预对改善患者预后至关重要。因此，本文旨在阐述肺癌共病结核病诊疗相关研究进展及困境，以期为其临床管理和未来研究方向提供新见解。

abstractsLung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy-related morbidity and mortality in China and worldwide, posing a significant threat to human well-being. Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of death from a single infectious source, after COVID-19 infection, and represents a public health crisis. Recent research has shown that TB is an independent risk factor for lung cancer, while patients with lung cancer may also be at increased risk of TB. The occurrence of TB poses to a challenge to the implementation of the anti-cancer therapy in lung cancer. Early identification and appropriate treatment are essential for the prognosis improvement. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to highlight the research advances and challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer and TB co-existence, with the further aim of providing new insights into the clinical management of patients and future research.