摘要在肺血栓栓塞症抗凝治疗临床实践中，如何提高抗凝用药安全，是临床救治工作面临的一大挑战。通过复习最新文献，本文对抗凝药物的分类及历史沿革、抗凝药物的监测、特殊人群（恶性肿瘤、妊娠妇女、肥胖患者）及疾病状态（血小板障碍、严重肾功能不全、活动性出血、肺动脉高压）抗凝药物选择及安全性策略、抗凝相关出血对策的研究现状进行归纳和评价，并结合笔者的经验及体会，提出抗凝药物安全管理模式。

abstractsThe safe use of anticoagulant drugs is a major challenge in the clinical management of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the recent literature, summarizing and evaluating the classification and historical development of anticoagulants, monitoring strategies for their administration, selection and safety considerations for special patient populations (such as those with malignant tumors, pregnant women or obese patients) and specific disease states (including platelet disorders, severe renal insufficiency, active bleeding and pulmonary hypertension). It also discusses current research into countermeasures for anticoagulant-related bleeding. Based on personal experience and expertise in this field, we propose an approach to managing the safety of anticoagulant therapy.