摘要抗肿瘤免疫治疗中并发的免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎（CIP）是少见的免疫相关不良反应类型，一旦发生，会严重影响后续的抗肿瘤免疫治疗，甚至导致呼吸衰竭或死亡。但若能及早被识别、诊断，并给予及时、合理的治疗，大多数患者预后良好，部分患者有可能后续接受免疫再挑战。为规范CIP的诊疗、改善其预后，由北京协和医院呼吸与危重症医学科发起，中国抗癌协会肿瘤呼吸病专业委员会、中华医学会呼吸病学分会肺癌学组和北京肿瘤防治研究会共同组织相关专家讨论后制订本共识。共识从CIP的危险因素、临床特征、诊断评价措施、诊断标准、鉴别诊断、治疗策略以及康复方案等方面，形成18条专家推荐意见，供临床医师参考。

abstractsCheckpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a rare type of immune-related adverse reaction, that can seriously affect the subsequent anti-tumor immunotherapy and even lead to respiratory failure or death. However, if identified and diagnosed early, and treated promptly and appropriately, most patients have a good prognosis, and some may be eligible for subsequent immune rechallenge. In order to standardize diagnosis and treatment of patients with CIP and improve their prognosis, the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital initiated and developed the consensus, which was discussed and reached a consensus by experts from the Oncology Respiratory Disease Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, Lung Cancer Group of Thoracic Society of Chinese Medical Association and Beijing Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Association. The consensus formed 18 expert recommendations on the risk factors, clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation measures, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, treatment strategies and rehabilitation plans of CIP for clinicians′ reference.