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目的 探讨女性亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化与心血管危险因素的关系,指导健康体检实践.方法 收集女性体检人群835例,均行颈动脉超声检查,以颈动脉中内膜增厚和粥样斑块形成作为亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化评价指标并分为颈动脉中内膜增厚组、粥样斑块形成组、中内膜增厚或粥样斑块形成组,比较心血管危险因素:年龄、血压、血糖、体重指数、腰围、血总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)对亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化的影响.结果 心血管危险因素均对亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化产生影响,且随着危险水平的上升,颈动脉粥样硬化检出率持续上升:随着危险因素聚集个数的增加,颈动脉粥样硬化检出率明显增加.增龄、高血压、血脂异常、超重及糖尿病为亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化的主要危险因素:Logistic多元回归分析显示:高龄、高血压和高LDL-C、低HDL-C是亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化的独立影响因素(χ~2值分别为114.35、16.66、12.23、8.40,P<0.05),其中增龄对亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化影响最强.结论 女性亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化的主要危险因素与导致心血管病的主要危险因素基本一致:亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化的检测适用于45岁以上体检人群的筛查:亚临床期颈动脉粥样硬化的患病危险为多因素、多层次,早期干预应多方位、多元化.

Objective To investigate the association between female subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors to provide evidence for health examination.Methods A total of 835 female subjects were included in this study.A measurement of carotid arteries with B-mode ultrasound imaging was performed.Intima-media thickness and plague of carotid arteries were regarded as the indicators of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis and main cardiovascular disease risk factors were treated as the impact factors.Results The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was continually increased with elevated number and level of baseline risk factors.Age, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, over-weight and diabetes were found to be the main risk factors.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that elder,hypertension,high LDL-C and HDL-C were independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis (χ~2 was 114.35, 16.66, 12.23, or 8.40, respectively; P < 0.05).Conclusion raditional cardiovascular risk factors exert an impact on subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.B-mode ultrasound examination may be a useful screen tool for people more than 45 year-old.Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis has multiple risk factors and requires effective prevention and treatment.