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目的 探讨建立适合官兵的部队健康管理模式,提高官兵健康素养,维护和促进官兵身心健康.方法 对南战区1020名官兵于健康管理前和健康管理2年后进行《基层部队官兵心理状况和压力调查问卷》测评,分别对干预前后干部、±官、义务兵及官兵总体的阳性率进行x2检验及分析.结果 健康管理后官兵在与人相处轻松愉快、可以应付工作压力、对未来生活充满信心、认为愤怒焦虑抑郁情绪有害、可以轻松表达情感、认为向英模学习有帮助、满意社会支持系统、积极参加文体活动、知晓所在部队开展心理服务工作、认为在基层部队开展心理眼务工作有必要等项目上较健康管理前显著增多,具有统计学差异(x2=5.8,12.3,26.9,77.3,15.2,21.5,18.6,16.8,333.8,79.4,P＜0.05),以义务兵改善最明显;健康管理前后官兵对精神状态、沟通交流技巧、军人职业感到满意方面无统计学差异(x2=2.3,3.1,2.2,P＞0.05).健康管理后官兵心理压力来自部队管理的显著增多(x2=14.9,P＜0.05);健康管理后干部的心理压力来自家庭困难的显著下降(x2=7.0,P＜0.05);健康管理后士官的心理压力来自日常工作、部队管理的显著增多(x2=21.6,8.3,P＜0.05);健康管理后义务兵的心理压力来自日常工作的显著下降(x2=35.7;P＜0.05),来自部队管理、家庭困难的显著增多(x2=6.5,53.5,P＜0.05).健康管理后官兵选择朋友和心理医生为倾诉对象的显著增多(x2=10.2,32.6,P＜0.05),健康管理前后干部的倾诉对象无明显差异,士官选择朋友和心理医生为倾诉对象的显著增多(x2=9.9,46.7,P＜0.05),义务兵选择父母和领导为倾诉对象的显著增多(x2=17.6,14.3,P＜0.05).结论 在部队开展健康教育、心理服务、疾病咨询和生活方式干预为一体的健康管理模式明显改善了官兵的心理状况,义务兵受益最大.

Objective To establish an appropriate health management model to improve health literacy of army men and promote and maintain physical and mental health of officers and soldiers.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among officers and soldiers in South China War Zone before and 2 years after health management.The x2 test was used to calculate the positive rate of officers,high-rank soldiers,soldiers,officers and soldiers in general before and after the intervention.Results After health management,most of items showed significant difference,including easy to get along with others,working under stress,being full of confidence to future life,awareness of harm of anger,anxiety and depression,easy expression of feelings,learning from hero model,being satisfied with social support system,active participation in sports activities,knowing centers that offer psychological services,awareness the necessity of psychological services in primary healthcare units (x2 values were 5.8,12.3,26.9,77.3,15.2,21.5,18.6,16.8,333.8 and 79.4,respectively; all P＜0.05).The most obvious improvement was found in the solders.There was no significant difference in satisfaction with psychological status or communication skills and being proud of military carrier in officers and soldiers (x2 values were 2.3,3.1 and 2.2,respectively; all P＞0.05).The stress from the military management was significantly increased after health management (x2=14.9,P＜0.05).The stress of high-rank soldiers from military management and daily work was also significantly increased after health management (x2 values were 21.6 and 8.3,respectively; both P＜0.05).The stress of solders from daily work was significantly decreased after health management (x2=35.7,P＜0.05).The stress of soldiers from military management and financial difficulties was significantly increased.The stress of soldier from financial difficulties was significantly decreased after health management.After health management,the rate of choosing fiiends and psychological doctors to be listener was significantly increased (x2 values were 10.2 and 32.6,respectively; both P＜0.05).The rate of choosing friends and psychological doctors to be a listener was significantly inclined among high-rank soldiers (x2 values were 9.9and 46.7,respectively; both P＜0.05).The rate of choosing parents and leaders to be listener was significantly increased in soldiers (x2 values were 17.6 and 14.3,respectively; both P＜0.05).Conclusion Health management that includes health education,psychological service,disease consulting and life style intervention may significantly improve psychological status of army men,especially the soldiers.