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目的 了解贵阳市40~60岁健康体检女性的围绝经期综合征的发生情况和影响因素,以及自然绝经年龄,为围绝经期女性保健提供参考.方法 采用偶遇抽样法,自主设计问卷,对贵州医科大学三家附属医院的体检中心1594例40~60岁女性进行面对面问卷调查,围绝经期症状的评价采用改良Kupperman评分表.结果 40~60岁女性围绝经期综合征的发生率为61.60%,其中轻度占38.96%,中度占21.52%,重度占1.13%,以轻中度症状为主.发生率高的主要症状前5位依次为:情绪波动970人(60.85%),失眠928人(58.22%),肌肉骨关节痛915人(57.40%),疲倦乏力910人(57.09%),头晕776人(48.68%).围绝经期综合征的发生与年龄、婚姻情况、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、目前月经情况、第一次性生活年龄、孕次及产次有关.随着年龄增大,围绝经期综合征发生率增高,且程度加重;月经情况从正常到紊乱再到绝经,围绝经期综合征的发生率逐渐增高,且严重程度加重;孕次越多,发生中重度围绝经期综合征的可能性越大.贵阳市健康女性平均自然绝经年龄为(49.17±3.12)岁.结论 围绝经期综合征的严重程度主要与年龄、目前月经情况及孕次相关,围绝经期保健应尽早开始.

Objective To investigate the occurrence and influencing factors of perimenopausal syndrome (MPS) and natural menopause women age 40-60 years in Guiyang city, with the purpose of providing information for planning care for menopausal women. Methods A convenient sampling was conducted among 40-60 years old healthy women visiting the three Medical Examination Centers of affiliated hospital of Guizhou Medical University, 1594 subjects were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire. Improved Kupperman Scale was used to evaluate the MPS. Results The percentage of MPS in the 40-60 years old women is 61.60%, of them, the proportion of mild, moderate and severe cases were 38.96%, 21.52% and 1.13% respectively. Mild and moderate account for the most cases. The top 5 symptoms of MPS were:mood agitation (60.85%), wakefulness (58.22%), muscle or joint ache (57.40%) , fatigue (57.09%) and dizziness (48.68%). The incidence of MPS was related to the following factors: age, marital status, degree of education, family monthly income, current menstrual conditions, age of first sexual life and the frequency of pregnancies and deliveries. The occurrence of MPS were associated with age, educational status,family income,current menstruation condition, age of first sexual intercourse and number of pregnancies. As age increases, the severity of MPS arise. With menstrual changes from normal to irregular and menopause, the rate and severity of MPS increased. With the frequency of pregnancies increases, the possibility of moderate and severe degree of PMS increase. The natural menopause age of healthy women in Guiyang was 49.17 ± 3.12. Conclusion The occurrence of perimenopausal syndrome was related to age,current menstruation condition and frequency of pregnancies. Care for perimenopausal period should start as early as possible.