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目的 探讨体检人群理想心血管健康状态的分布状况.方法 以2009年9月至2016年3月在解放军总医院健康医学中心接受健康体检的体检者为研究对象,收集纳入人群的生活方式信息,结合我国国情,按照美国理想心血管健康的标准对国人的生活方式状况进行分析.结果 共计37664人纳入研究,平均年龄(47.75±7.99)岁,其中男性占72.88%,女性占27.12%.把吸烟、体力活动、饮食、空腹血糖、血压、总胆固醇和体质指数7个方面的因素综合分析,发现7个方面均符合理想心血管健康的仅有43人(0.11%),7项均符合较差心血管健康的有11人,占0.03%,其余研究对象均可以视为中间水平的心血管健康.在饮食方面,对奶制品的摄入达标率最低,其次是蔬菜和水果.在运动方面,大部分人(94.10%)体力活动不够充分.在青年、中年和老年人群中这3种状态的人群比例差异存在统计学意义(χ2=1200,P=0.000),呈现出从青年到中年,再到老年人群理想心血管健康比例逐渐升高而较差心血管健康比例逐渐下降的趋势.反映出青年人体力活动不足的情况尤为突出,其次是中年人.在运动方面,男性理想心血管健康的比例高于女性.结论 本研究人群中的理想心血管健康比例较低,其中,饮食不达标和体力活动不达标是两个主要的瓶颈性因素.鼓励公众养成良好的饮食习惯和运动习惯是提高理想心血管健康状态可能的手段.

Objective To investigate the distribution of ideal cardiovascular health status in Chinese health checkup population. Methods Subjects were enrolled from a health checkup population coming to the PLA health management center from Sept 2009 to Mar 2016. Modified with China's specifications, lifestyle and checkup data were collected and analyzed according to the American ideal cardiovascular health standard. Results A total of 37664 people were included in the study, of whom 72.88%were male and 27.12%were female. Comprehensive analysis showed that, among 7 health indicators including smoking, physical activity, diet, fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, total cholesterol and body mass index, there were only 43 subjects (0.11%) whose lifestyle reached the ideal cardiovascular health status, 11 subjects were in the poor cardiovascular health status, accounting for 0.03%. The rest of the subjects were in the intermediate levels of cardiovascular health status. There was a large gap between the daily diet intake and the dietary recommendation, and there was also a large gap between the actual level physical activity and the ideal level of physical activity recommended by related guidelines, indicating that unhealthy diet and inadequate physical activity are two bottleneck factors. Dairy product intake has the lowest satisfaction ratio, followed by vegetable and fruit intake. Most subjects (94.10%) showed insufficient physical activity. The percentage of three status of cardiovascular health among young, middle-aged and elderly subjects differed significantly (χ2=1200, P=0.000), and presented an increasing trend of ideal cardiovascular health and a declining trend of poor cardiovascular health status with age from youth to middle age, to the elderly, which reflected insufficient physical activity especially among the young people, and then the middle-aged. Meanwhile, the proportion of ideal cardiovascular health in men was higher than that in women. Conclusion The rate of ideal cardiovascular health is relatively low in the study population, unhealthy diet and inadequate physical activity are two bottleneck factors. Encouraging people to develop good eating and exercise habits might be the most effective method to improve population's ideal cardiovascular health status.