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肺癌的早期诊断和筛查对于改善肺癌患者的预后具有重要意义,低剂量螺旋CT(low-dose helical computed tomography,LDCT)是目前最有效的肺癌筛查工具,但高假阳性率、高成本及放射损害限制了其广泛应用.而生物标记物如肺癌自身抗体、外周血微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNA)在一些研究中显示了较好的价值,已被我国以及欧美一些国家批准用于肺癌的早期诊断,有研究正在进行以探讨其在肺癌筛查中的作用.

Early diagnosis and screening are of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Low-dose helical computed tomography (LDCT) reduces lung cancer mortality by about 20％, making it the most effective screening tool. However, high false-positive rates, costs, and potential harms highlight the need for complementary biomarkers. The diagnostic performance of biomarkers such as noninvasive autoantibody and plasma/serum microRNA (miRNA) were shown in several studies, making them approved for early diagnosis in our country, Europe and the United States, and their role in screening is being explored in ongoing studies.