摘要目的 调查与评价普洱市人民医院脑卒中高危筛查人群的危险因素暴露水平、脑卒中高危人群的比例及其脑血流动力学异常与危险因素暴露的关系.方法 2014年4月至2017年6月,在普洱市人民医院神经内科门诊和住院患者中,选取接受脑血管功能检测进行脑卒中风险评估的连续病例.入选病例共计30 103例,其中男性12 793例,女性17 310例,年龄20~99(53.3±14.5)岁.比较不同年龄和性别组间脑卒中危险因素暴露水平、脑卒中高危人群的比例、脑血管血流动力学积分值与危险因素暴露的关系.结果 高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、心脏病、脑卒中家族史、吸烟、饮酒、超重或肥胖等危险因素暴露率男性分别为36.6%、11.4%、8.8%、5.9%、7.0%、41.6%、37.8%、51.4%,女性分别为31.2%、11.3%、7.6%、5.5%、6.8%、0.7%、1.6%、48.8%.各项危险因素不同年龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01).高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒、超重或肥胖男女组间差异有统计学意义,男性均高于女性(P均<0.01).脑卒中高危人群男性和女性的比例分别为41.8%和35.6%(χ2=119.82,P<0.01),均随着年龄增长而显著升高(χ2=1 838.2,2 881.5,P均<0.01).年龄、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、心脏病、脑卒中家族史、饮酒、体质指数是脑卒中高危人群的独立影响因素.结论 医院就诊人群脑卒中危险因素暴露水平及脑卒中高危人群的比例均较高,脑血管功能损害与常见的脑卒中危险因素暴露密切相关.

abstractsObjective To investigate the exposure to stroke risk factors, the proportion of high?risk individuals, and the relationship between risk factor exposure and impaired cerebrovascular hemodynamics in patients at Pu'er People's Hospital. Methods Between April 2014 and June 2017, this study enrolled inpatients and outpatients of the neurology department of Pu'er People's Hospital who underwent cerebrovascular hemodynamic examinations to evaluate stroke risk. A total of 30 103 (12 793 males and 17 310 females) participants aged 22 to 99 (53.3±14.5) years were included. The distribution of exposure rates for stroke risk factors and proportion of high?risk individuals were determined according to age and sex. The relationships between integral scores of cerebrovascular hemodynamics and exposure to risk factors were also analyzed. Results Exposure rates for risk factors of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke family history, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and overweight or obesity in males were 36.6%, 11.4%, 8.8%, 5.9%, 7.0%, 41.6%, 37.8%, and 51.4%, respectively. The exposure rates in females were 31.2%, 11.3%, 7.6%, 5.5%, 6.8%, 0.7%, 1.6%, and 48.8%, respectively. Differences between age groups for all risk factors were significant (P<0.01). Exposure rates for hypertension, diabetes, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and overweight or obesity in males were significantly higher than in females (P<0.01). High?risk males and females accounted for 41.8% and 35.6% (χ2=119.82, P<0.01) and the rates in both groups increased significantly with age (χ2=1 838.2, 2 881.5, P<0.01). Risk factors including age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke family history, alcohol drinking, and body mass index were independent predictors of increased individual risk of stroke. Conclusions Exposure levels for stroke risk factors and the proportion of individuals at high risk of stroke were relatively high in the hospital population. Cerebrovascular dysfunction is closely related to exposure to common risk factors for stroke.