摘要目的:了解北京社区≥60岁老年人衰弱情况并分析其影响因素。方法:本研究采用横断面调查法，于2023年5月至9月纳入北京市白纸坊社区年龄≥60岁的老年人1 936例，采用Fried衰弱表型量表评估老年人的衰弱情况，微型营养评定简表（MNA-SF）评估其营养状况，简易体能状况量表（SPPB）评估其躯体功能，老年抑郁量表（GDS）评估其抑郁情况。结果:1 936例老年人中，168例（8.7%）符合衰弱标准；与非衰弱组相比，衰弱组多为女性（71.4%比62.2%；χ 2=5.59， P=0.018）、年龄较大［（72.1±6.6）比（69.9±6.0）岁； t=-5.25， P<0.001］、未婚（1.8%比0.8%；χ 2=8.60， P=0.014）、文化程度较低（10.7%比3.5%；χ 2=23.38， P<0.001）、自我健康评价较差（22.6%比6.5%；χ 2=69.80， P<0.001）、MNA-SF评分较低［（12.2±2.2）比（13.0±1.4）分； t=6.29， P<0.001］、SPPB评分较低［（8.4±1.9）比（10.2±1.6）分； t=14.62， P<0.001］，GDS评分较高［（4.0±3.8）比（1.9±2.1）分； t=-11.48， P<0.001］，视力、听力、嗅觉较差（48.2%比34.1%、36.9%比23.0%、9.5%比3.0%；χ 2=13.37、16.11、40.58，均 P<0.001），更易发生高血压（70.8%比56.7%；χ 2=12.52， P<0.001）、糖尿病（42.3%比29.4%；χ 2=12.06， P<0.001）、骨关节炎（46.4%比30.3%；χ 2=18.39， P<0.001）和脑卒中（19.0%比13.3%；χ 2=4.28， P=0.039）。Logistic回归分析显示营养状况（ OR=0.8，95% CI：0.7~0.9， P<0.001）、抑郁症状（ OR=1.1，95% CI：1.1~1.2， P<0.001）、嗅觉（ OR=2.1，95% CI：1.4~3.0， P<0.001； OR=2.9，95% CI：1.4~5.9， P=0.003）、躯体功能（ OR=0.6，95% CI：0.6~0.7， P<0.001）是影响社区老年人衰弱的独立危险因素。 结论:社区老年人衰弱的患病率较高，躯体功能、心理功能、营养状况及嗅觉功能的下降与衰弱密切相关。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the prevalence of frailty among elders aged ≥60 years in the Beijing community and analyze the risk factors of frailty.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1936 older persons in Baizhifang Community in Beijing were included between May and September 2023. Their frailty was evaluated by Fried Frailty Phenotype Scale. Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were used to evaluate nutritional status, physical function, and depression, respectively. The prevalence and risk factors of frailty among the elderly in the community were analyzed.Results:A total of 168 individuals met the criteria for frailty, and the prevalence of frailty was 8.7%. Compared to the non-frail group, the frail group was predominantly female (71.4% vs 62.2%; χ 2=5.59, P=0.018), older [(72.1±6.6) vs (69.9±6.0) ages; t=-5.25, P<0.001], unmarried (1.8% vs 0.8%; χ 2=8.60, P=0.014), with lower education levels (10.7% vs 3.5%; χ 2=23.38, P<0.001), poorer self-assessed health (22.6% vs 6.5%; χ 2=69.80, P<0.001), lower MNA-SF scores [(12.2±2.2) vs (13.0±1.4) scores; t=6.29, P<0.001], lower SPPB scores [(8.4±1.9) vs (10.2±1.6) scores; t=14.62, P<0.001], higher GDS scores [(4.0±3.8) vs (1.9±2.1) scores; t=-11.48, P<0.001], and worse vision, hearing, and olfactory functions (48.2% vs 34.1%, 36.9% vs 23.0%, 9.5% vs 3.0%; χ 2=13.37, 16.11, 40.58, all P<0.001). They were also more likely to suffer from hypertension (70.8% vs 56.7%; χ 2=12.52, P<0.001), diabetes (42.3% vs 29.4%; χ 2=12.06, P<0.001), osteoarthritis (46.4% vs 30.3%; χ 2=18.39, P<0.001) and stroke (19.0% vs 13.3%; χ 2=4.28, P=0.039). Logistic regression analysis showed that frailty was independently associated with nutritional status ( OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.7-0.9, P<0.001), depressive symptoms ( OR=1.1, 95% CI: 1.1-1.2, P<0.001), olfactory function ( OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.4-3.0, P<0.001; OR=2.9, 95% CI: 1.4-5.9, P=0.003), and physical function ( OR=0.6, 95% CI: 0.6-0.7, P<0.001) after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions:The prevalence of frailty among elderly people in community is relatively high. Frailty in community elders is associated with physical function, psychological function, nutritional status, and olfactory function decline.