摘要视觉系统与中枢神经系统联系紧密，在精神疾病研究中也具有重要价值。空间受限的注视模式、探索性眼动中反应性探索评分（responsive search score，RSS）下降、反向眼球跳视任务高错误率、微眼跳时空异常以及综合眼动得分等眼动特征被认为是精神分裂症潜在的生物标志物。同时，眼底血管形态改变、视网膜神经层变薄、视网膜电图异常，以及角膜和虹膜形态改变也对精神分裂症的识别诊断具有提示意义。本文中对常见的视觉评估方法在精神分裂症诊断中的应用展开综述，以期为精神分裂症生物标志物的开发提供参考。

abstractsGiven the intimate connection between the visual system and the central nervous system, the study of eyes holds paramount importance in the investigation of psychiatric disorders. Some eye movement features, such as restricted visual scanning, declines in responsive search score (RSS), elevated error rates in antisaccades, spatial-temporal anomalies in microsaccades and an integrated eye movement score are considered as potential biomarkers of schizophrenia. Meanwhile, alterations in retinal vascular morphology, thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer, abnormal electroretinography (ERG), and morphological variations in the cornea and iris also hold indicative significance for the detection of schizophrenia. This review discussed several methods of visual system assessment in clinical practice, aiming to provide insights into visual systems as biomarkers for mental illnesses.