摘要口腔微生物群落由多样化的细菌、病毒、真菌和原生动物群体构成，其稳定性、功能和组装过程受到宿主与微生物间复杂的相互作用调控。高通量测序技术为深入研究和认识口腔微生物群落在健康和疾病状态下的分类结构、基因组成、功能和动态变化途径提供了重要方法。本文系统介绍了口腔微生物群落的建立、稳态调控、常见口腔疾病相关的菌群失衡、影响因素。结合微生物学、免疫学和多组学的视角，可以深入探讨人体与微生物间的复杂分子对话。开展口腔微生态组装原理、细胞间信号、压力适应性以及引发菌群失衡触发因素的深入研究，对于开发新的诊断技术、治疗方案和定制益生菌至关重要。可以通过天然产物、小分子化合物、益生元、益生菌、噬菌体等方法调节口腔微生态并尽可能地减少对口腔微生态系统的破坏，为促进口腔和全身健康提供新的机遇。

abstractsOral microbiome consists of diverse bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoan populations, with whose stability, functionality, and assembly process are regulated by complex interactions between the host and microbes. High-throughput sequencing technology provides insights into the classification structure, genomic composition, function, and dynamical changes of oral microbiome under healthy and morbid conditions. This review aims to outline the establishment and homeostasis maintenance of regulating oral microbiome, as well as the common oral disease-related microbial imbalance, influencing factors and emerging methods. With perspectives from microbiology, immunology, and multi-omics, we can delve into the complex molecular dialogue between the human body and microbes. Deep understandings of the assembly principles, intercellular signals, stress adaptability, and triggering factors of microbial imbalance are crucial for developing new diagnostic technologies, treatment plans, and custom probiotics. These methods can precisely target and minimize disruption to the oral microbiome. Regulating oral microbiome by using methods such as small molecules, diet, prebiotics, probiotics, phages offers new opportunities to enhance oral and overall health.