摘要目的：了解广州地区儿童社区获得性肺炎（ CAP）病毒病原的流行特征。方法选取2012年6月至2013年6月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心住院的1539例CAP患儿为研究对象。采集患儿咽拭子样本，用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（ FQ-PCR）进行11种呼吸道病原体的核酸检测。数据统计采用SPSS 17．0软件处理，不同类别患儿感染率的比较采用χ2检验。结果11种呼吸道病原体中，检出至少一种病原体感染550例（550／1539，35．7％），检出两种或两种以上病原体混合感染101例（101／1539，6．6％）。检出率居前五位的病毒分别是呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）102例（6．6％），鼻病毒（RHV）101例（6．6％），腺病毒（ADV）78例（5．1％），甲型流感病毒（IVA）78例（5．1％）和博卡病毒（HBOV）74例（4．8％）。各年龄组感染的病毒谱有所不同，RSV在3岁以下CAP儿童的感染中占首要地位，而在3岁以上儿童中则以ADV或IVA感染更为多见。 RSV感染主要发生在冬春季， IVA感染高峰在春夏季，而ADV和HBOV感染的高发季节为夏季。135例重症患儿中，22例发生混合感染（16．3％），混合感染的发生率明显高于其他CAP患儿（79／1404，χ2＝116．049，P＜0．01）。结论广州地区CAP住院患儿中病毒感染较为常见， RSV是住院患儿最常检出的病毒之一。重症CAP患儿中混合感染的发生率较高。

abstractsObjective To determine the viral etiology and its epidemic features of community-acquired pneumonia ( CAP) among pediatric inpatients in Guangzhou.Methods A total of 1 539 children with CAP admitted in Guangzhou Women and Children’ s Medical Center during June 2012 and June 2013 were enrolled in the study.Throat swab specimens were collected, and fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction ( FQ-PCR) was performed to detect 11 respiratory pathogens.SPSS 17.0 was used for data processing, and χ2 test was performed to compare the infection rates among different groups.Results Among 1 539 patients, 550 cases (35.7%) were infected with at least one pathogen, and 101 (6.6%) were infected with two or more pathogens.The most popular viral etiologies were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (102, 6.6%), rhinovirus (RHV)(101, 6.6%), adenovirus (ADV) (78, 5.1%), influenza virus A (IVA) (78, 5.1%) and bocavirus (HBOV) (74, 4.8%).RSV infection often occurred in children with age≤3 years, while ADV or IVA infection often occurred in those with age >3 years.RSV infection rate peaked in winter and spring, IVA infection rate peaked in spring and summer, while ADV and&nbsp;HBOV infection rates peaked in summer.The rate of multiple infections in critically ill children (22/135, 16.3%) was significantly higher than that in other CAP patients (79/1 404,5.6%,χ2 =116.049, P<0.01).Conclusions Viral infection is common in pediatric inpatients with CAP, and RSV infection is the most popular.Multiple infections are more often to cause critical conditions.