摘要近年来对狂犬病病毒(RV)的研究较深入,主要包括野毒、疫苗株及新鉴定的从蝙蝠分离株的基因结构、复制,基因功能与表达调控.根据核蛋白(N)碱基的同源性,将对人类致病RV分为7个基因型,分别归属于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ遗传谱系.人类狂犬病的发病机制尚未完全清楚,在治疗方面未能取得突破,专家对密尔沃基方案评价不认可.从目前动物模型的研究进展来看,新颖的治疗疫苗及抑制病毒复制与扩散药物的研制有前途,促使成功治愈狂犬病大有希望.本文回顾了狂犬病的若干新发现与信息,探讨RV的特性、暴露后对人类的致病机制及发病后的治疗研究的进展,希望对研究者与狂犬病防治者有所参考.

abstractsIn recent years,the rabies virus(RV)has been studied in more depth, including wild virus,vaccine strain, and the gene structure, replication, gene function and expression regulation of the newly identified isolates from bats.According to the homology of N protein base,the human pathogenic RV can be divided into 7 genotypes, which belong to the genetic pedigree Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ, respectively.The pathogenesis of human rabies has not been fully understood,no breakthrough has been made in the treatment of rabies, and the Milwaukee protocol has not been recognized by expert consensus.From the current research progress of animal models,the development of novel therapeutic vaccines and drugs to inhibit viral replication and diffusion are promising for cure of rabies.This article reviews some new discoveries and information of rabies, including the characteristics of RV, the pathogenic mechanisms and the progress of treatments after onset,which would provide reference for prevention and control of human rabies.