摘要结核性胸膜炎(Tuberculous pleurisy，TP)是临床上常见病和多发病，尤其是在结核病高发地区。然而，由于胸腔积液中缺乏细菌的特性，使得传统的涂片和培养法敏感性很低，而胸膜活检存在一定风险。因此，TP诊断具有挑战性。由于传统检测方法的局限性，寻找快速、准确和有效的新方法至关重要。本文就TP的分子及生化免疫学诊断进展进行综述。

abstractsTuberculous pleurisy (TP) is a common disease, especially in areas with high prevalence of tuberculosis. However, because of the lack of bacterial characteristics in pleural effusion, the detection sensitivity of traditional smear and culture method is low, and the pleural biopsy has certain risks; therefore, the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy is challenging. Due to the limitations of traditional detection methods, to find a fast, accurate and effective method for TP diagnosis is important. This article reviews the progress of molecular, biochemical and immunological methods for diagnosis of TP.