摘要目的:了解山东地区临床分离真菌的菌株分布以及对常用抗真菌药物的耐药性，促进抗真菌药物的合理选择。方法:依托于山东省儿童细菌&真菌耐药监测研究协作网，收集2018年1月1日至12月31日山东省46所医院1 030例患者的标本，剔除痰液和咽拭子标本，共1 030株真菌。分析菌株来源和类型，并采用微量稀释法进行抗真菌药物敏感性试验。采用Whonet 5.6和SPSS 22.0对数据进行分析。结果:所有真菌中，主要菌株为白假丝酵母菌(38.74%，399/1 030)、热带假丝酵母菌(16.99%，175/1 030)及近平滑假丝酵母菌(16.41%，169/1 030)等。儿童患者的主要真菌为白假丝酵母菌为(52.50%，63/120)、近平滑假丝酵母菌为(12.50%，15/120)和热带假丝酵母菌(9.17%，11/120)等。成人患者的主要真菌为白假丝酵母菌(36.37%，331/910)，热带假丝酵母菌为(17.03%，155/910)和近平滑假丝酵母菌(15.27%，139/910)等。主要假丝酵母菌在1至3月和8至12月的分离率远高于其他月份。白假丝酵母菌对氟康唑和伏立康唑的耐药率分别为7.14%和7.43%，对伊曲康唑的耐药率为50.44%。热带假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、伏立康唑和伊曲康唑都有较高的耐药率，分别为29.05%、23.29%和48.65%。近平滑假丝酵母菌对氟康唑、伏立康唑、伊曲康唑的敏感率分别为93.06%、93.75%、94.44%。光滑假丝酵母菌对氟康唑表现出2.33%的剂量依赖性敏感率。对244株血液真菌分析显示，非白假丝酵母菌菌血症占比为70.08%，在涵盖92.22%的病原谱中，氟康唑的敏感率为64.65%，伏立康唑的敏感率为68.88%，两性霉素B的敏感率为88.75%，量化后获得氟康唑、伏立康唑和两性霉素B临床治疗真菌菌血症的有效率分别为70.10%、74.69%和96.23%，其中热带假丝酵母菌对伏立康唑的敏感率低于氟康唑。结论:主要的真菌为假丝酵母菌属，热带假丝酵母菌对唑类抗真菌药物的耐药率呈上升趋势，其他假丝酵母菌对临床常用抗真菌药物的敏感度基本稳定。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the distribution of clinically isolated fungal strains and their resistance to common antifungal drugs in Shandong province.Methods:Through the Shandong Children’s Bacterial & Fungal Drug Resistance Surveillance and Research Collaborative Network, a total of 1 030 fungi were collected in 46 hospitals of Shandong province from January 1 to December 31, 2018. The source and type of strains were analyzed, and antifungal drug sensitivity tests were performed by using the micro-dilution method. Whonet 5.6 and SPSS 22.0 were applied to analyze the data.Results:The overall main strains were Candida albicans (38.74%, 399/1 030), Candida tropicalis (16.99%, 175/1 030) and Candida parapsilosis (16.41%, 169/1 030); the main fungi strains in child patients were C. albicans (52.50%, 63/120), C. parapsilosis (12.50%, 15/120) and C. tropicalis (9.17%, 11/120); the main fungi strains in adult patients were C. albicans (36.37%, 331/910), C. tropicalis (17.03%, 155/910) and C. parapsilosis (15.27%, 139/910). The isolation rate of main Candida strains from January to March and August to December was much higher than that of other months. The drug resistance rates of C. albicans to fluconazole and voriconazole were 7.14% and 7.43%, respectively, and the drug resistance rates to itraconazole were 50.44%. The resistance rates of C. tropicalis to fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole were 29.05%, 23.29% and 48.65%, respectively. The sensitivity rates of C. parapsilosi to fluconazole, voriconazole and itraconazole were 93.06%, 93.75% and 94.44%, respectively. Candida glabrata showed a dose-dependent sensitivity rate of 2.33% to fluconazole. Analysis of 244 blood fungi strains showed that non-candida albicans bacteremia accounted for 70.08%. In the pathogen spectrum covering 92.22%, fluconazole was sensitive to 64.65% of the pathogens, voriconazole was 68.88%, and amphotericin B was 88.75%. After quantification, the effective rates of fluconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B in the clinical treatment of fungal bacteremia were 70.10%, 74.69% and 96.23%, respectively. Among them, the sensitivity rate of voriconazole to C. tropicalis was lower than that of fluconazole. Conclusions:Candida is the main clinical fungus isolates in hospitals of Shandong province. The resistance rate of C. tropicalis to azole antifungal drugs is on the rise, and the sensitivity of other Candida species to clinically used antifungal drugs is basically stable.