摘要水环境的质量是直接影响人类及其他非人类物种生命健康的重要因素之一。水环境中放射性核素水平已成为衡量水环境质量的重要指标。近年来随着我国核能源的不断发展，水环境中的放射性核素水平及其健康风险已成为公众关注的焦点。本文从水环境中放射性核素的来源、健康影响、评估方法以及研究进展等方面对国内外水环境中放射性核素的健康风险评估现状进行了综述，以期为客观评估水环境中放射性核素的健康风险，保障人群健康提供依据。

abstractsThe quality of the water environment is one of the most important factors that can directly affect the health of human beings and other non-human species. The levels of the radionuclides in water environment are the key indicator while assessing the quality of water environment. Recently, with the development of the nuclear energy in China, the public people have paid a focus attention on the levels and the health risks of the radionuclides. This paper introduced the sources, the health effects, the health risk assessment methods and the current status of the health risk assessment study about the radionuclides, in order to provide basis for the health risk assessment of radionuclides in water environment and the protection of human health.