摘要目的:研究含有金盏花提取物的温和倍护防晒乳对儿童皮肤日晒的防护效果、安全性及耐受性。方法:2022年7 - 8月以首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院为中心招募健康儿童，采用单中心、随机、平行对照临床研究方法，入组3 ~ < 18岁健康儿童200例，按照1∶1的比例随机分为A组（左侧涂抹试验品、右侧涂抹对照品）或B组（右侧涂抹试验品、左侧涂抹对照品），涂抹后进行阳光暴露活动，在阳光暴露前后对颞部、上臂伸侧和前臂伸侧部位进行皮肤测试评估。试验品为含有金盏花提取物的温和倍护防晒乳[防晒系数（SPF）50+，长波紫外线防晒系数（PA）++++]，对照品为含有甘草提取物的婴儿防晒霜（SPF35，PA++）。采用双侧差异量表评估日晒后症状，采用红斑评分评估晒后红斑情况，采用MPA10多功能皮肤测试平台检测评估部位黑色素及红斑值、含水量及经表皮失水量（TEWL）。观察记录相关不良事件。计量资料比较采用配对 t检验或Wilcoxon配对样本秩和检验，计数资料比较采用卡方检验（Fisher精确检验）。 结果:198例受试者完成研究及访视，男100例（50.5%），女98例（49.5%）；年龄3 ~ 17（8.11 ± 0.23）岁，A组、B组各99例。颞部、前臂伸侧和上臂伸侧日晒后对照侧症状更明显的受试者例数多于试验品侧（颞部：11例比4例，上臂伸侧：16例比2例，前臂伸侧：33例比3例），两侧频次差异均有统计学意义（均 P < 0.001）。3个测试区域试验侧和对照侧红斑评分差异均无统计学意义（ P > 0.05）。上臂和前臂部试验侧日晒后与日晒前黑色素值差值（3.57 ± 2.41、1.74 ± 1.68）均低于对照侧（9.50 ± 2.21、8.13 ± 1.87），颞部、上臂和前臂部试验侧日晒后与日晒前角质层含水量差值[7.72（-2.19，19.44）、9.56 ± 1.37、9.05 ± 1.37]均高于对照侧[-3.25（-13.54，9.94）、3.63 ± 1.32、3.73 ± 1.31]，差异有统计学意义（均 P < 0.001）。3个测试区域试验侧和对照侧日晒后与日晒前红斑值、TEWL差值差异均无统计学意义（ P > 0.05）。研究期间1例（0.51%）的对照侧发生一过性荨麻疹，无严重不良事件发生。 结论:含金盏花提取物的温和倍护防晒乳对3 ~ < 18岁健康儿童日晒后黑化的防护优于对照品，且耐受性较好，不良反应发生率低。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the protective effects of a sunscreen lotion containing Calendula extracts on children′s skin against sun exposure, as well as to evaluate its safety and tolerability when applied to children.Methods:A single-center, randomized, split-body/face study was conducted on 200 healthy children aged 3 - < 18 years, who were enrolled from Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from July to August 2022. The participants were randomly and equally divided into Group A (the left side of the body/face topically treated with the test sunscreen, and the right side with the control sunscreen) and Group B (the right side of the body/face topically treated with the test sunscreen, and the left side with the control sunscreen) at a ratio of 1∶1. After applying the sunscreen, they were engaged in outdoor activities under sunlight. Skin tests were conducted on the temporal area, the extensor aspect of the upper arm and forearm before and after sun exposure. The test product was a mild sunscreen lotion containing Calendula extracts with the sun protection factor (SPF) being 50+ and the long-wave ultraviolet protection factor (PA) being +++, and the control product was a baby sunscreen containing licorice extracts (SPF35, PA++). Bilateral differential scales were used to assess clinical symptoms after sun exposure, erythema values to clinically evaluate erythema after sun exposure, and the multifunctional skin testing platform MPA10 to measure melanin and erythema values, stratum corneum hydration, and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) at the tested sites. Related adverse events were observed and recorded during the study. The paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for the comparison of quantitative data, and chi-square test (Fisher′s exact test) for the comparison of count data. Results:Totally, 198 children completed the study and visits, including 100 males (50.5%) and 98 females (49.5%), aged from 3 to 17 years (8.11 ± 0.23 years), and there were 99 cases each in the Group A and Group B. The numbers of participants with more obvious sunburn symptoms after sun exposure in the 3 tested areas were all higher on the control side than on the test side (the temporal area: 11 cases vs. 4 cases; the extensor aspect of the upper arm: 16 cases vs. 2 cases; the extensor aspect of the forearm: 33 cases vs. 3 cases), with significant differences between the bilateral sides (all P<0.001). No significant differences were observed in the erythema values between the test side and control side in the 3 tested areas (all P > 0.05). In the extensor aspect of the upper arm and forearm, the difference in the melanin value before and after sun exposure was significantly smaller on the test side (3.57 ± 2.41, 1.74 ± 1.68, respectively) than on the control side (9.50 ± 2.21, 8.13 ± 1.87, respectively, both P < 0.001) ; in the temporal region and the extensor aspect of the upper arm and forearm, the difference in the stratum corneum hydration level before and after sun exposure was significantly greater on the test side (7.72[-2.19, 19.44], 9.56 ± 1.37, 9.05 ± 1.37, respectively) than on the control side (-3.25[-13.54, 9.94], 3.63 ± 1.32, 3.73 ± 1.31, respectively, all P < 0.001) in the temporal region and the extensor aspect of the upper arm and forearm. However, there were no significant differences in the changes in the erythema or TEWL values before and after sun exposure between the test side and control side in either of the 3 tested areas (all P > 0.05). During this study, 1 case (0.51%) experienced transient urticaria on the control side, and no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion:The mild sunscreen lotion containing Calendula extracts demonstrated superior efficacy to the control product in improving skin symptoms after sun exposure such as hyperpigmentation among healthy children aged 3 - < 18 years, with good tolerability and a relatively low incidence of adverse reactions.