摘要目的:总结5例携带非半胱氨酸NOTCH3基因错义突变的伴有皮质下梗死和白质脑病的常染色体显性遗传性脑动脉病（CADASIL）患者的临床及影像学特征，并探讨其基因突变的潜在致病性。方法:收集2017年3月至2018年11月就诊于郑州大学人民医院，经基因检测发现携带非半胱氨酸突变且病理确诊的5例CADASIL患者的临床资料。这些患者分别为5个无关家系的先证者，均进行了全外显子基因组测序和皮肤活体组织检查。结果:经基因检测发现5例患者共有5种不同的NOTCH3基因突变，分别是：p.R75Q、p.D80G、p.V237M、p.S1418L和p.R1761H。前3种突变位于胞外域EGFr区，后2种突变位于跨膜结构域附近。5例患者皮肤活体组织检查均显示嗜锇颗粒沉积。5例患者发病年龄为22~58岁，其中3例合并脑血管危险因素。临床表现包括偏头痛1例，脑卒中3例，情感障碍4例，认知障碍5例，步态障碍、假性球麻痹、癫痫发作分别只占1例。5例患者头颅磁共振成像均显示皮质下白质病变和腔隙性脑梗死，白质病变累及颞极、外囊分别占3例。根据Mui?o等提出的非半胱氨酸NOTCH3突变致病性的评估标准，该5种突变均具有潜在致病性。结论:非半胱氨酸NOTCH3基因突变的CADASIL患者也可表现出典型CADASIL的临床症状和影像学特点。非EGFr区的NOTCH3突变也可能具有潜在致病性，具体机制仍需进一步研究。

abstractsObjective:To summarize the clinical and imaging features of five patients of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) with cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene missense mutations and explore potential pathogenicity of gene mutations.Methods:The clinical data from five patients who were admitted to the People′s Hospital of Zhengzhou University from March 2017 to November 2018 were collected. The patients were found to carry cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene mutations through genetic testing and diagnosed pathologically. They were probands confirmed from five unrelated family and all five patients were performed full exon detection and skin biopsy.Results:Genetic testing identified five patients with cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene missense mutations, a total of five different mutations, including p.R75Q, p.D80G, p.V237M, p.S1418L and p.R1761H. The first three mutations were found in the epidermal growth factor-like repeats (EGFr), the latter two mutations near the transmembrane domain. Granular osmiophilic material was identified in all cases examined with skin biopsy. The age at initial symptom onset of these five cases was ranged from 22 to 58 years and three cases presented cardiovascular risk factors. The primary clinical manifestations included migraine in one case, ischemic stroke in three cases, psychiatric disturbances in four cases, cognitive dysfunction in five cases, while gait disturbance, pseudobulbar palsy, and seizures accounted for only one case each. Magnetic resonance imaging of five patients all showed white matter hyperintensities (WMLs) and lacunar infarcts, and WMLs involved the anterior temporal pole and external capsules in three cases separately. According to the criteria proposed by Mui?o et al for evaluating the pathogenicity of cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 mutations, all five mutations are potentially pathogenic.Conclusions:Most characteristics of CADASIL patients with cysteine-sparing NOTCH3 gene mutations are similar to those of CADASIL patients with cysteine NOTCH3 gene mutations. Mutations not involving the EGFr may also have potential pathogenicity, and the specific mechanism still needs further study.