摘要室管膜瘤(EPN)是一种神经外胚层肿瘤，成人EPN好发于脊柱，而儿童EPN中90%位于颅内，其中2/3的肿瘤位于后颅窝。对于后颅窝EPN(EPN-PF)，手术及术后辅助治疗仍是首选治疗方案，但复发率仍居高不下以及较差的预后提示亟待探索更具针对性的高效治疗手段。随着近年来分子生物学技术的飞速发展，EPN-PF的分子生物学特征得到部分阐述，初步确定了其分子分型，并提出了诸多潜在治疗靶点。本研究围绕组蛋白3赖氨酸27位点的三甲基化蛋白(H3K27me3)在EPN-PF中的作用以及其他潜在的治疗靶点进行综述，以期对该病的治疗及后续研究提供参考。

abstractsAs a kind of neuroectodermal tumor, ependymoma usually occurs in the spine in adults. However, 90% of children's ependymomas are intracranially located, and two thirds of them are located in the posterior fossa. The most commonly used clinical treatment for posterior fossa ependymomas is surgery combined with postoperative adjuvant therapy, but the high recurrence rate and poor prognosis suggest that it is urgent to explore more targeted and efficient treatment methods. In recent years, molecular biology technology has developed rapidly, the molecular biological characteristics of posterior fossa ependymomas are partially elucidated, and the molecular typing has been preliminarily determined and many potential therapeutic targets have been proposed. This review focuses on the role of histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation in posterior fossa ependymoma and its potential therapeutic targets to provide references for treatments and follow-up researches of this disease.