摘要目的研究膀胱移行细胞癌行膀胱全切术后尿道再发肿瘤的原因及处理方法，进而提出预防及治疗措施，以降低尿道再发肿瘤的可能性。方法回顾分析1978～1998年膀胱全切后尿道再发肿瘤19例。结果尿道再发肿瘤占9%，均为男性。18例发生于后尿道，1例发生于前尿道，主要症状为尿道溢血。结论再发原因除移行上皮肿瘤的多中心发生因素外，膀胱肿瘤已侵及前列腺及前列腺尿道是主要原因。“膀胱全切除”范围不够，残留前列腺及前列腺尿道以及膀胱切除时对肿瘤的挤压也是不容忽视的原因。少数病例也可经血行转移至前尿道。尿道全切术有替代后尿道切除术的趋势。

abstractsObjectives　To study the cause and treatment of urethral recurrence after total cystectomy and to find out prophylactic measures.　Methods　19 patients with urethral relapse after radical cystectomy were analyzed retrospectively. 　Results　The patients were male, accounting for 9% of the reearrent cases. The posterior urethra was involved in 18 patients and the anterior urethra was involved in 1. Their prognosis was poor.　Conclusions　The greatest risk factor for recurrence is tumor involvement of the prostate or the prostate urethra except for the multicentric nature of TCC. Other factors such as the retained prostate or prostate urethra because of improper radical cystectomy, and plant metastasis due to rough operation should not be neglected. A few of cases may be due to hematogenous metastasis. Total urethrectomy is recommended other than posterior urethrectomy.