摘要食管癌外科起源于20世纪初，但真正意义的经胸入路食管癌切除并消化道重建始于20世纪30年代。几乎同一时期，日本与西方国家同步开始了食管癌的外科探索。亚洲食管癌病理学类型以鳞状细胞癌为主，其肿瘤生物学特点和治疗策略不同于以腺癌为主的欧美患者。历经八十余年的发展，日本食管癌外科治疗从初始尝试、深耕实践到追求卓越，探索出一套较为先进的外科技术和诊疗规范，在国际上独树一帜。日本学者在成立日本食管学会的基础上，制订且不定期更新《日本食管癌诊疗规约》，出版学会专业学术期刊 Esophagus。日本临床肿瘤协作组开展了诸多食管癌三期临床研究，为食管鳞状细胞癌的诊治提供了强有力证据。本文针对日本食管癌外科的起源、发展、现状及未来，通过文献查证、资深专家访谈及《食管癌外科治疗热点问题-日本专家问卷调查》收集信息，对日本食管癌外科发展进行简述。

abstractsEsophageal cancer surgery originated in the early 20 th century. However, the true meaning of trans-thoracic esophagectomy and digestive tract reconstruction began in the 1930s. Almost at the same time, Japan and Western countries began the surgical exploration of esophageal cancer. Based on the pathological type of esophageal cancer in Asia, squamous cell carcinoma is the majority, and its biological characteristics and treatment strategies are different from those of European and American patients. After more than eighty years of development, the surgical treatment of esophageal cancer in Japan has been developed from the initial attempt, deep cultivation practice to the pursuit of excellence, and explored a set of more advanced surgical techniques and diagnostic strategies, which is unique in the world. On the basis of the establishment of the Japanese Society of Esophagus, Japanese scholars have developed and irregularly updated the Japanese Classification of Esophageal Cancer and published the professional academic journal Esophagus. The Japanese Clinical Oncology Group organized a number of phase Ⅲ clinical studies on esophageal cancer, providing strong evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal squamous carcinoma. Focused on the origin, development, current situation and future of esophageal cancer surgery in Japan, this paper summarized the development of esophageal cancer surgery in Japan through literature review, interviews with senior experts and Hot topics of esophageal cancer surgery-questionnaire survey of Japanese experts.