摘要尿道狭窄是泌尿外科常见疾病，治疗手段通常分为开放手术与腔内治疗。腔内技术以操作简易、创伤小、康复快、安全性高、并发症少等优点，逐渐成为临床治疗尿道狭窄的重要方法之一。等离子、激光等各种设备的普及和新型尿道支架、移植物的应用，使腔内手术操作更方便，损伤更小，但由于尿道狭窄病因的多样化及解剖结构的特殊性，腔内治疗效果仍不甚理想，部分患者远期疗效欠佳。尿道内放射治疗、腔内注射药物或干细胞及新型导尿管等非手术方式也正在尿道狭窄中进行探索性应用，结果显示有利于改善腔内手术效果。近年来国内外各种腔内微创治疗手段和药物在尿道狭窄上取得了较多新进展，但仍需更多前瞻性随机对照研究证实其可行性、有效性，并确定恰当的手术时机。

abstractsUrethral stricture is regarded as a common disease in urology whose treatment modalities usually include open surgery and endoluminal treatment. Endoluminal techniques have gradually become one of the essential treatments in urethral stricture due to easier operation, less trauma, faster recovery, higher safety and fewer complications. The popularity of plasma knife and laser, and the application of new urethral stents and grafts, make endoscopic surgery easier and less invasive. However, due to its anatomical particularity and diverse etiologies of urethral stricture, the endoluminal treatment is still not satisfactory and a considerable number of patients still experience poor long-term treatment effect. Non-operative managements, such as intracavitary brachytherapy, intracavitary injection of drugs or stem cells and new urinary catheters are also being explored in treating urethral stricture, which would improve the effect of endoscopic surgery. This review summarizes the clinical application and new progress of various kinds of endoluminal treatments and pharmacotherapy in urethral stricture at home and abroad. More prospective randomized controlled studies are needed to confirm its feasibility, effectiveness and optimal time of operation.