摘要近年来，随着外科技术逐渐成熟，儿童肝移植在我国发展迅速，一些经验丰富的移植中心，儿童肝移植术后生存率已达到国际先进水平。然而，术后感染仍是影响移植物存活率及受者生存率的主要原因。为进一步提高儿童肝移植术后感染的诊治水平，中国研究型医院学会加速康复外科专业委员会组织多个学科的相关专家，总结国内外儿童肝移植术后感染的研究进展，依据循证医学原则深入论证并制定了本共识。本共识以临床感染部位进行分类以方便指导临床工作，从肝移植患儿的术后常见感染、移植特殊感染、感染预防及免疫接种3个方面提出了推荐意见，以期为正开展或拟开展儿童肝移植的中心提供参考。

abstractsWith the breakthrough in surgical technology, pediatric liver transplantation (PLT) has achieved landmark development in China in recent years. In some high-volume centers, postoperative outcomes have even been comparable to the world-leading levels. However, postoperative infection remains a major factor affecting graft and recipient survivals. Thus, the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association organized experts from multiple disciplines and formulated the consensus to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of postoperative infections in PLT recipients. This consensus is based on the progress of domestic and international researches in this field and followed the principles of evidence-based medicine. It covers general and transplantation-specific infection, and is expected to provide reference for centers conducting or planning to conduct PLT.