摘要胆道肿瘤是一组起源于胆道上皮，并以腺癌为主要病理学类型的恶性肿瘤，多数患者在确诊时已处于局部晚期或有远处转移。胆道肿瘤对传统的放化疗及新兴的免疫治疗如免疫检查点抑制剂等均不敏感，主要原因在于其具有抑制性的免疫微环境（IME）。本文从全景观出发，探讨胆道肿瘤患者IME中浸润的免疫细胞及间质细胞所发挥的抗肿瘤或抑制抗肿瘤免疫效应，以及其与预后的相关性等。对胆道肿瘤患者IME全景观的了解，有助于免疫治疗及联合治疗的临床策略的制定。

abstractsBiliary tract cancer is a group of malignancies that originate in the biliary epithelium, and adenocarcinoma is the main pathological type. Although surgical resection is the only radical treatment strategy, most patients with biliary tract cancer are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage or with distant metastases. Biliary tract cancer is highly resistant to conventional chemoradiotherapy and emerging immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors, due to the suppressive immune microenvironment. In general, this paper discussed the anti-tumor and tumor-promoting immune responses of various immune cells and stromal cells in the immune microenvironment of biliary tract cancer, as well as their correlation with prognosis. Understanding the whole view of the immune microenvironment in patients with biliary tract cancer could further inform the design of clinical trials of immunotherapy or combination therapy.