摘要视神经属中枢神经.由于中枢神经系统微环境内缺少神经营养因子并且存在髓鞘和胶质瘢痕相关抑制分子以及中枢神经元内在的再生潜能低于周围神经元等原由,视神经损伤后难以自发再生.保护受损的视网膜神经节细胞(节细胞)、补充神经营养因子、拮抗轴突再生抑制因子、上调节细胞内在的再生潜力均能有效促进视神经的再生与修复.基础研究已取得包括视觉功能部分恢复等重要进展,但临床应用转化仍存在大量未解难题,至今尚无治疗视神经损伤的理想方法.亟待加强基础与临床研究合作,促进基础研究成果尽快向临床应用转化,早日改变不尽如人意的临床研究现状.

abstractsThe optic nerve belongs to the central nervous system (CNS).Because of the lack of neurotrophic factors in the microenvironment of the CNS and the presence of myelin and glial scar-related inhibitory molecules,and the inherent low renewal potentials of CNS neurons comparing to the peripheral nerve system,it is difficult to spontaneously regenerate the optic nerve after injury.Protecting damaged retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),supplementing neurotrophic factor,antagonizing axon regeneration inhibitory factor,and regulating the inherent regeneration potential of RGCs can effectively promote the regeneration and repair of optic nerve.Basic research has made important progress,including the restoration of visual function,but there are still a lot of unsolved problems in clinical translation of these achievements,so far there is no ideal method of treatment of optic nerve injury.Therefore,it is rather urgent to strengthen the cooperation between basic and clinical research,to promote the transformation of basic research to the clinical applications as soon as possible,which will change the unsatisfactory clinical application status.