摘要炎性凋亡为新发现的一种细胞死亡方式,其机制主要通过炎性小体复合物的活化介导白细胞介素(IL)-1β和IL-18的产生,以及细胞的渗透性溶胀,破裂死亡,在人体多种疾病的病理过程中发挥作用.而眼底疾病中往往存在光感受器细胞、视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞等视网膜细胞的死亡,是视功能损害的主要原因.研究发现炎性凋亡与多种视网膜疾病的发生和发展有着密切联系.在老年性黄斑变性(AMD)中,炎性凋亡可直接引起RPE细胞的凋亡与促炎因子水平的上调,间接增强了脂褐素的毒性损害作用.对于视网膜色素变性(RP),炎性凋亡是引起继发性的视锥细胞死亡的关键途径.在巨细胞病毒性视网膜炎(CMVR)中,炎性凋亡通路的活化是对感染的一种主要应答方式.了解炎性凋亡通路的分子机制及其在AMD、RP、CMVR其他视网膜疾病中的作用,有望为各种视网膜疾病的治疗提供新的思路与途径.

abstractsPyroptosis is a newly discovered form of cell death.Through the activation of inflammasome complexes,pyroptosis induces the production of interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-18,and the osmotic swelling of cells,thus induces cellular rupture and death.It plays a role in the pathological process of a variety of human diseases.The death of retinal cells including photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is the main reason leading to visual dysfunction in the pathogenesis in ocular fundus diseases.Researches have demonstrated that pyroptosis is closely related to the onset and progression of various retinal diseases.In age-related macular degeneration,pyroptosis directly causes apoptosis of RPE cells and upregulation of proinflammatory factors,enhancing toxic effect of lipofuscin.For retinitis pigmentosa,pyroptosis is the leading manner of death of secondary cone photoreceptor cells.In cytomegalovirus retinitis,pyroptosis is the main responding way to infection.This review presented the molecular mechanism of pyroptosis and its role in age-related macular degeneration,retinitis pigmentosa and cytomegalovirus retinitis and other retinal diseases.