摘要目的:观察灯盏细辛（EBHM）调控丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）信号通路对大鼠急性高眼压的影响及视网膜神经节细胞（RGC）的保护作用。方法:雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠60只，采用随机数字表法分为对照组、模型组、EBHM低剂量组（A组）、EBHM中剂量组（B组）、EBHM高剂量组（C组），每组均为12只；以左眼为实验眼。模型组、A组、B组、C组大鼠通过前房加压灌注生理盐水构建急性高眼压模型；对照组仅给予全身麻醉。建模后2~ 30 d，对照组、模型组大鼠灌胃生理盐水3 ml，1次／d；A组、B组、C组大鼠分别给予0.30、0.45、0.60 g/100 g EBHM灌胃，1次／d。建模前以及建模后1、14、30 d测量大鼠眼压，并统计高眼压模型比例。建模后30 d，苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察视网膜组织病理变化；免疫荧光染色检测RGC数量变化；实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）检测各组大鼠视网膜中p38MAPK、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3 （Caspase-3）mRNA相对表达量；蛋白质免疫印迹法（Western blot）检测各组大鼠视网膜中p38MAPK、磷酸化p38MAPK （p-p38MAPK）、Caspase-3蛋白相对表达量。多样本间比较采用单因素方差分析；两两样本间比较采用 SNK-q检验。 结果:建模后1 d，对照组大鼠均未出现急性高眼压，其余各组均建模成功。与模型组比较，B组、C组建模后14 d急性高眼压率较低，差异有统计学意义（ χ2=98.701， P<0.05）；A组、B组、C组建模后30 d急性高眼压率均为0。A组、B组、C组建模后14、30 d之间急性高眼压率比较，差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。HE染色结果显示，对照组大鼠视网膜结构完整，各层清晰可见；RGC计数未见异常，形态饱满圆润。模型组大鼠视网膜明显变薄；RGC数量大量减少，形态空泡化，排列稀疏。A组、B组、C组大鼠视网膜变厚，RGC数量增多，其中C组视网膜结构恢复程度更好。免疫荧光染色结果显示，A组、B组、C组大鼠RGC计数较模型组升高，差异有统计学意义（ F=297.514， P<0.05 ）；组间两两比较，A组低于B组、C组（ q=2.842、5.263），B组低于C组（ q=2.457 ），差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05 ）。RT-qPCR、Western blot检测结果显示，与模型组比较，A组、B组、C组大鼠视网膜中Caspase-3 mRNA （ F=267.912）、蛋白（ F=692.279）相对表达量及p-p38MAPK蛋白相对表达量（ F=150.061）均降低，差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05 ）。组间两两比较，C组大鼠视网膜中Caspase-3 mRNA （ q=6.977、15.642 ）、蛋白（ q=6.997、15.642）相对表达量及p-p38MAPK蛋白（ q=12.443、24.358）相对表达量低于A组、B组，B组低于A组（ q=11.678、12.471、10.204），差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.05 ）。 结论:EBHM可以显著降低急性高眼压模型大鼠眼压，提高RGC计数，减轻视网膜损伤；其调控机制可能与MAPK通路有关。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the effect of erigeron breviscapus (EBHM) on ocular hypertension and the protective effect of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in rats by regulating mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control group, model group, low-dose EBHM group (group A), medium-dose EBHM group (group B), and high-dose EBHM group (group C) by random number table method. There were 12 rats in the group, the left eye was used as the experimental eye. The rats of model group, group A, group B, and group C were infused with normal saline through the anterior chamber to construct an acute ocular hypertension model; the control group was given general anesthesia only. Then, 2-30 days after modeling, rats in the control group and model group were given 3 ml of normal saline once a day; rats in group A, group B, and group C were given 0.30, 0.45, and 0.60 g/100 g EBHM by intragastric administration, respectively, 1 time/d. The rat intraocular pressure was measured before modeling and 1, 14, and 30 days after modeling, and the proportion of high intraocular pressure model was measured. Thirty days after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of retinal tissue; immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the changes in the number of RGCs; real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to detect p38 in the retinas of rats in each group. The relative expression of MAPK and Caspase-3 mRNA; western blot was used to detect p38MAPK and phosphorylation in the retina of rats in each group relative expression of phosphorylate-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) and Caspase-3 protein. One-way analysis of variance was used for multi-sample comparison, and SNK-q test was used for comparison between two samples. Results:One day after modeling, none of the rats in the control group developed acute ocular hypertension, and the other groups were successfully modeled. Compared with the model group, the rates of acute ocular hypertension at 14 days after modeling in groups B and C were lower ( χ2=98.701, P<0.05), and the rates of acute ocular hypertension at 30 days after modeling in groups A, B, and C were 0. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of acute ocular hypertension between 14 and 30 days after modeling in the A, B, and C groups ( P>0.05). The results of HE staining showed that the structure of the retina in the control group was complete, and the layers were clearly visible; the RGCs count was not abnormal, and the morphology was plump and round. The retina of rats in the model group became thinner; the number of RGCs was greatly reduced, the morphology was vacuolated, and the arrangement was sparse. The retina of rats in groups A, B, and C became thicker, and the number of RGCs increased, and the retina structure in group C was better restored. The results of immunofluorescence staining showed that the RGCs counts of rats in groups A, B, and C were higher than those in the model group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=297.514, P<0.05); pairwise comparison between groups, group A was lower than that of group B and C Group ( q=2.842, 5.263), group B was lower than group C ( q=2.457), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of RT-qPCR and Western blot showed that compared with the model group, the relative expression of Caspase-3 mRNA ( F=267.912) and protein ( F=692.279) and the relative expression of p-p38MAPK protein in the retina of rats in groups A, B and C. The expression level ( F=150.061) all decreased, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); pairwise comparisons between groups showed that Caspase-3 mRNA ( q=6.977, 15.642) and protein ( q=6.997, 15.642) relative expression levels and p-p38MAPK protein ( q=12.443, 24.358) relative expression levels are lower than groups A and B, group B was lower than group A ( q=11.678, 12.471, 10.204), the difference was statistical academic significance ( P<0.05). Conclusions:EBHM can significantly reduce intraocular pressure in rats with acute ocular hypertension, increase RGCs counts, and reduce retinal damage. Its regulatory mechanism may be related to the MAPK pathway.