摘要2014年《中华眼科杂志》发布了第1版《中国视神经炎诊断和治疗专家共识》。时隔7年，视神经炎治疗方面积累了更多循证医学证据，迫切需要更新共识或制定指南来指导临床实践。因此，中华医学会眼科学分会神经眼科学组联合兰州大学循证医学中心/世界卫生组织指南实施与知识转化合作中心，依据循证指南制定的方法和步骤，制定了第1部《中国脱髓鞘性视神经炎诊断和治疗循证指南（2021年）》，以期提高脱髓鞘性视神经炎的临床诊疗水平。该指南提出了脱髓鞘性视神经炎新的亚型分类，指导精准化治疗；同时，对急性期和慢性期临床治疗热点问题包括免疫抑制剂和利妥昔单抗等生物制剂的应用提出了新的建议。

abstractsThe first edition of "The Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of optic neuritis" have been published in Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology in 2014. Seven years later, more evidence-based medicine has been accumulated in the treatment of optic neuritis. It is necessary to update or formulate guidelines to guide clinical practice. Based on the methods and procedures for developing evidence -based guidelines, Neuro-Ophthalmology Group of Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Medical Association and Evidence-based Medicine Centre of Lanzhou University/World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation created the first "An evidence-based guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of demyelinating optic neuritis in China (2021)" , which aimed to improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatments of demyelinating optic neuritis. This guideline proposes a new subtype classification of demyelinating optic neuritis to guide precision treatment. It also gives new suggestions about clinical treatment hotspots in the acute and chronic phases, including the application of immunosuppressants and rituximab and other biological agents.