摘要目的:观察特发性黄斑裂孔（IMH ）、高度近视黄斑裂孔（MMH）患者的临床特征，初步分析影响视力预后的相关因素。方法:回顾性病例研究。2012年10月至2020年10月于山西省眼科医院检查确诊并有连续随访资料的IMH和MMH患者336例346只眼纳入研究。其中，IMH、MMH分别为247例255只眼、89例91只眼，并据此分为IMH组、MMH组。患眼均行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、光相干断层扫描检查。BCVA检查使用标准对数视力表进行，统计时换算为最小分辨角对数（logMAR）视力。IMH组、MMH组患者年龄分别为（64.8±6.6）、（59.2±8.1）岁；logMAR BCVA分别为1.11±0.50、1.80±0.78。两组患者年龄（ Wald=34.507）、logMAR BCVA （ Z=-7.703）比较，差异有统计学意义（ P<0.05 ）。患眼均行内界膜（ILM）剥除或部分翻转覆盖手术，手术完毕时玻璃体腔填充空气、C 3F 8、硅油，IMH分别为73、102、80只眼，MMH分别为9、10、72只眼。手术后随访时间≥2个月。观察两组患眼最优BCVA、裂孔闭合情况。符合正态分布的定量数据，采用广义估计方程，反之采用Mann-Whitney U检验或Kruskal-Wallis检验；分类变量比较行 χ2检验。广义估计方程logistic回归分析手术后最优BCVA及视力成功与否的影响因素。 结果:IMH组、MMH组患眼最优logMAR BCVA分别为0.71±0.36、1.10±0.51；视力成功者分别为147 （57.6%，147/255 ）、63 （69.2%，63/91）只眼。两组患眼在最优logMAR BCVA （ Z=-6.803）方面差异有统计学意义（ P<0.005 ），但在视力成功率（ χ2=3.772）的比较中未见明显差异。同一基线BCVA水平IMH者视力成功率较MMH者更高，差异有统计学意义（ χ2=14.500， P=0.001）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，预示IMH手术后最优BCVA较差的影响因素为：基线BCVA[比值比（ OR）=2.941，95%可信区间（ CI）1.341~6.447， P<0.05]、MH直径（ OR=1.003，95% CI 1.001~1.005， P<0.05 ）、硅油填充（ OR=3.481，95% CI 1.594~7.605， P<0.05 ）；预示MMH手术后最优BCVA较差的影响因素为：基线BCVA （ OR=2.549，95% CI 1.344~4.834， P<0.05）、C 3F 8填充（ OR=18.131，95% CI 1.505~218.365， P<0.05 ）、硅油填充（ OR=7.796，95% CI 0.997~60.944， P<0.05）。影响IMH视力成功的因素为：基线BCVA （ OR= 213.329，95% CI 46.123~986.694， P<0.05）、MH直径（ OR=0.995，95% CI 0.992~0.997， P<0.05）、硅油填充（ OR=0.326，95% CI 0.115~0.926， P<0.05）、病程（ OR=1.036，95% CI 1.005~1.067， P<0.05）；影响MMH视力成功的因素为：基线BCVA （ OR=13.316，95% CI 2.513~70.565， P<0.05 ）、病程（ OR=1.022，95% CI 1.001~1.044， P<0.05 ）。 结论:MMH患者发病年龄较IMH早；基线BCVA显著影响IMH、MMH患眼视力预后；在保证裂孔闭合的情况下应尽可能避免使用硅油。

abstractsObjective:To compare the clinical characteristics and analyze the factors affecting vision prognosis of idiopathic macular hole (IMH) or myopic macular hole (MMH).Methods:A cross-sectional study. From October 2012 to October 2020, 336 patients with 346 eyes of IMH and MMH who were diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Eye Hospital with continuous follow-up data after surgery were included. There were 346 eyes (336 cases), including IMH with 247 cases (255 eyes) and MMH with 89 cases (91 eyes), which were divided into IMH group and MMH group. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography were performed in all eyes. The BCVA examination used the standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithmic minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity. The age of outset in IMH and MMH was 64.8±6.6 and 59.2±8.1 years, the logMAR BCVA was 1.11±0.50 and 1.80±0.78, respectively. There were significant differences in age ( Wald=34.507) and logMAR BCVA ( Z=-7.703) between two groups ( P<0.05). All eyes were performed inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling or partial inverted ILM covering hole operation. After the operation, the vitreous cavity was filled with air, C 3F 8 and silicone oil, including 73, 102, 83 eyes in IMH group and 9, 10, 72 eyes in MMH group, respectively. Follow-up time after surgery was more than 2 months. The optimal BCVA and macular hole closure of the two groups were observed. If the quantitative data conformed to the normal distribution, the generalized estimating equation was used, otherwise, the Mann-Whitney U test or Kruskal-wallis test was used, the χ 2 test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Generalized estimating equation logistic regression analyzed the influencing factors of optimal BCVA after surgery and visual acuity success. Results:In IMH and MMH, the optimal logMAR BCVA were 0.71±0.36, 1.10±0.51 respectively, and 147 (57.6%, 147/255) eyes, 63 (69.2%, 63/91) eyes achieved visual success respectively. There was a significant difference in the optimal logMAR BCVA ( Z=-6.803, P<0.005), but no difference in visual success rate ( χ2=3.772) between the two groups. The visual success rate of IMH at the same baseline BCVA level was higher than that of MMH, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=14.500, P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors predicting poor optimal visual acuity after surgery were: IMH, baseline BCVA [odds ratio ( OR)=2.941, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 1.341-6.447, P<0.05], MH diameter ( OR=1.003, 95% CI 1.001-1.005, P<0.05), silicon oil filling ( OR=3.481, 95% CI 1.594-7.605, P<0.05); MMH, baseline BCVA ( OR=2.549, 95% CI 1.344-4.834, P<0.05), C 3F 8 filling ( OR=18.131, 95% CI 1.505-218.365, P<0.05) and silicon oil filling ( OR=7.796, 95% CI 0.997-60.944, P<0.05). The factors leading to a lower likelihood of achieving visual success: IMH, baseline BCVA ( OR=213.329, 95% CI 46.123-986.694, P<0.05), MH diameter ( OR=0.995, 95% CI 0.992-0.997, P<0.05), silicon oil filling ( OR=0.326, 95% CI 0.115-0.926, P<0.05) and duration ( OR=1.036, 95% CI 1.005-1.067, P<0.05); MMH, baseline BCVA ( OR=13.316, 95% CI 2.513-70.565, P<0.05) and duration ( OR=1.022, 95% CI 1.001-1.044, P<0.05). Conclusions:MMH was earlier than IMH in age of outset. Baseline vision significantly affected vision prognosis in IMH and MMH. Silicone oil should be avoided as much as possible under the premise of hole closure.