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目的 调查我国长寿地区百岁老人慢性病及有关健康指标的情况,并与其他各年龄组进行比较分析.方法 以我国7个长寿之乡参加2008-2009年中国老年人口健康影响因素跟踪调查(CLHLS)项目的居民作为目标对象,最终有2029名40岁以上人群参加调查,其中40～岁组469名、60～岁组436名、80～岁组346名、90～岁组380名、100～岁组398名.采用自行设计的调查表收集社会人口学特征等信息,由临床医生采用统一的检查工具对研究对象进行体检,采集静脉血和尿液,用仪器分析法、原子吸收法等进行血常规、尿常规、血浆宏量和微量元素、血浆生化等检测.采用卡方检验等对数据进行分析.结果 40～、60～、80～、90～、100～岁组男性体质指数(BMI)分别为(23.2±4.6)、(22.1±3.7)、(20.2±3.4)、(20.2±3.9)、(19.1±5.0)kg/m~2(F=22.78,P<0.01),女性分别为(23.3±4.0)、(21.6±3.5)、(19.7±3.9)、(19.0±4.8)、(18.4±3.8)kg/m~2(F=51.84,P<0.01);男性高血压患病率分别为38.3%(80/209)、60.8%(166/273)、63.5%(106/167)、61.8%(68/110)、54.8%(34/62)(χ~2=34.26,P<0.01),女性为32.3%(84/260)、60.1%(98/163)、69.8%(125/179)、61.5%(166/270)、58.9%(198/336)(χ~2=78.45,P<0.01);男性糖尿病患病率为10.5%(22/209)、12.5%(34/273)、9.0%(15/167)、18.2%(20/110)、12.9%(8/62)(χ~2=5.92,P=0.20),女性为4.2%(11/x,o)、15.3%(25/163)、10.1%(18/179)、12.2%(33/270)、7.4%(25/336)(χ~2=19.25,P<0.01).40～、90～、100～岁组中,男性超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性为(29.03±5.79)、(30.93±5.39)、(31.63±5.92)U/ml(F=4.40,P<0.05),女性为(28.27±6.25)、(30.86±5.72)、(31.55±5.25)U/ml(F=13.13,P<0.05);男性血浆钙浓度为(3.63±1.08)、(3.09±0.91)、(3.34±1.07)mmol/L(F=5.71,P<0.01),女性为(3.84±1.02)、(3.19±1.16)、(3.38±1.16)mmol/L(F=11.61,P<0.01);男性血浆硒浓度为(1.44±0.86)、(1.28±0.60)、(1.75±0.57)μmol/L(F=3.79,P<0.05),女性为(1.44±0.80)、(1.48±0.81)、(1.78±0.80)μmol/L(F=8.69,P<0.01);男性血浆铁浓度为(63.25±49.05)、(71.86±54.16)、(138.36±77.60)μmol/L(F=22.78,P<0.01),女性为(64.86±57.72)、(74.56±56.93)、(106.56±74.08)μmol/L(F=17.88,P<0.01);男性血浆铜浓度为(23.49±12.85)、(17.96±7.57)、(22.33±6.89)μmol/L(F=5.18,P<0.01),女性为(21.52±10.63)、(19.60±9.57)、(22.99±8.71)μmol/L(F=5.68,P<0.01);男性血浆超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)阳性率分别为5.5%(8/146)、24.0%(18/75)、31.3%(10/32)(χ~2=22.62,P<0.01),女性为9.8%(12/122)、19.6%(40/204)、25.1%(49/195)(χ~2=11.24,P<0.01).结论 100～岁组较其他年龄组具有相对较低的慢性病发生风险和较高的抗氧化机能,较90～岁组血浆中有较高含量的营养元素,但体内炎症较为普遍.

Objective To describe chronic diseases and other related health indicators of centenarians,compare these health indicators with other age groups in longevity areas in China. Methods Residents who participated in the project of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) conducted in 2008--2009 were selected from 7 Longevity Areas. 2029 people aged 40 and over attended the study from March to June , 2009 , including 469 aged 40 and over,436 aged 60 and over,346 aged 80 and over,380 aged 90 and over, 398 centenarians. Information, including socio-demographic, were collected by self-designed questionnaire. Calibrated instruments were used by the clinical personnel who had worked over 3 years to manually check subjects' health. Venous blood and urine samples were collected for blood and urine routine test, plasma macro and trace elements test, plasma biological test, using standard methods such as instrument analysis, atomic absorption spectrometry. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistical methods. Results In the groups aged 40 and over,60 and over,80 and over,90 and over, 100 and over, the body mass index (BMI) were (23.2 ± 4. 6), (22. 1 ± 3.7), (20. 2 ± 3.4), (20. 2 ± 3.9) and (19. 1±5.0)kg/m~2 in males(F=22.78,P<0.01) and (23.3±4.0),(21.6±3.5),(19.7±3.9), (19.0 ± 4. 8), (18. 4 ± 3. 8) kg/m~2 in females (F = 51.84, P < 0. 01) ; the prevalence of hypertension were 38. 3% (80/209) ,60. 8% (166/273) ,63.5% (106/167) ,61.8% (68/110) ,54. 8% (34/62) in males (χ~2 = 34.26, P< 0.01) and 32.3% (84/260), 60. 1% (98/163), 69.8% (125/179), 61.5% (166/270), 58.9% (198/336) in females (χ~2 = 78.45, P < 0. 01) ; the prevalence of diabetes were 10.5% (22/209),12.5% (34/273),9.0% (15/167),18.2% (20/110),12.9% (8/62) in males (χ~2=5.92,P=0.20) and4.2% (11/260),!5.3% (25/163),10.1% (18/179),12.2% (33/270), 7.4% (25/336) in females(χ~2 = 19. 25, P < 0. 01). In groups aged 40 and over,90 and over, 100 and over, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were (29. 03 ± 5.79), (30. 93 ± 5.39), (31.63 ± 5.92) U/ml in males(F =4. 40,P <0. 05) and (28. 27 ±6. 25), (30. 86±5. 72), (31.55 ±5. 25) U/ml in females(F= 13. 13 ,P <0. 05) ; levels of plasma calcium were (3.63 ± 1.08), (3.09 ±0. 91), (3. 34 ± 1.07) mmol/L in males (F = 5.71 ,P <0. 01) and (3. 84± 1.02), (3. 19± 1.16), (3. 38±1.16) mmol/L in females (F = 11.61 ,P <0. 01) ; levels of selenium were (1.44 ±0. 86), (1.28±0. 60), (1.75±0. 57) μmol/L in males (F=3.79,P<0. 05) and (1.44±0. 80),(1.48 ±0. 81),(1.78 ±0.80) μmol/L in females (F= 8. 69, P < 0. 01) ; levels of iron were (63.25 ± 49. 05), (71.86± 54. 16), (138. 36 ± 77.60) μmol/L in males (F = 22. 78, P < 0. 01) and (64. 86 ± 57. 72), (74. 56 ± 56. 93), (106. 56 ± 74. 08) μmol/L in females (F = 17. 88, P < 0. 01) ; levels of copper were (23.49 ± 12. 85), (17.96 ± 7.57), (22. 33 ± 6. 89) μmol/L in males (F = 5.18, P < 0. 01) and (21.52 ± 10. 63), (19.60 ± 9. 57), (22. 99 ± 8.71) μmol/L in females (F = 5. 68, P < 0. 01) ; positive rates of high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP) were 5.5% (8/146),24.0% (18/75),31.3% (10/32) in males (χ~2= 22.62,P<0.01) and 9.8% (12/122), 19.6% (40/204),25.1% (49/195) in females (χ~2 = 11.24, P<0.01).Conclusion The results indicate that the centenarians have lower chronic diseases risks and higher anti-oxidants activity compared with other age groups, and have a high level of nutritional elements compared with those aged 90 and over. However,it is more common for them suffering from inflammation.