摘要免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）在多种恶性肿瘤显示了良好的抗肿瘤疗效，显著延长肿瘤患者生存期，但免疫相关不良事件不容忽视。免疫检查点抑制剂相关肺炎（CIP）是恶性肿瘤患者接受ICIs治疗后出现的肺部不良事件。在临床研究和真实世界研究的报道中，CIP的发病率约2.7%~20.0%，部分患者可能发生重症甚至是致死性的CIP，这类患者预后差。早发现、早诊断、早治疗可改善CIP患者的预后。建立ICIs免疫治疗过程中的覆盖医护和患者的CIP全程监测管理模式，有助于提高CIP的早期诊治能力，是改善患者预后的关键之举。

abstractsThe application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has shown impressive anti-tumor efficacy across multiple malignant tumors, leading to the prolonged survival period of tumor patients. However, immune-related adverse events should not be ignored. Checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) is a pulmonary adverse event that can occur in malignant tumor patients after receiving ICIs treatment. The incidence of CIP has been reported to range from 2.7% to 20.0% in clinical trials and real-world research. Furthermore, some patients might suffer from serious or fatal CIP, and the prognosis of such patients will be poor. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment may improve the prognosis of these patients. The establishment of a whole-process CIP comprehensive surveillance management mode covering the health care system and patients during ICIs treatment might be helpful to improve the early diagnosis and treatment capacity of CIP, which is a key measure to improve the prognosis of these patients.